Pharmacodynamics

Question 1

What is the definition of Pharmacodynamics?

Answer 1

The effect the drug has on the body; Drug to Body

Question 2

What is the process called when a drug–receptor complex initiates alterations in biochemical and/or molecular activity of a cell?

Answer 2

signal transduction

Question 3

What is a naturally occurring small molecule or a drug that binds to a site on a receptor protein and activates it?

Answer 3

agonist

Question 4

What happens to the receptor state’s equilibrium with the binding of agonists?

Answer 4

the equilibrium shifts from R (inactive receptor) to R*(active receptor) to produce a biologic effect.

Question 5

What occupies the receptor but does not increase the fraction of R* and may stabilize the receptor in the inactive state?

Answer 5

antagonist

Question 6

True or False: The magnitude of biological effect is directly related to the fraction of R*.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What are the richest sources of receptors?

Answer 7

proteins that transduce extracellular signals into intracellular responses.

Question 8

What are the 4 families of receptors?

Answer 8

1) ligand-gated ion channels
2) G protein– coupled receptors
3) enzyme-linked receptors
4) intracellular receptors

Question 9

What is a measure of the amount of drug necessary to produce an effect of a given magnitude?

Answer 9

Potency

Question 10

What is the magnitude of response a drug causes when it interacts with a receptor?

Answer 10

Efficacy

Question 11

What kind of agonist has intrinsic activities greater than zero but less than one, cannot produce the same Emax as a full agonist, and may even be an antagonist to the full agonist?

Answer 11

Partial agonists

Question 12

What is the agonists that stabilizes the inactive R form and cause R* to convert to R, has an intrinsic activity less than zero, reverse the activity of receptors, and exert the opposite pharmacological effect of agonists?

Answer 12

Inverse agonist

Question 13

What binds to a receptor with high affinity but possesses zero intrinsic activity and decreases the effect of an agonist when present?

Answer 13

antagonist

Question 14

What is it called when both the antagonist and the agonist bind to the same site on the receptor in a reversible manner and prevents an agonist from binding to its receptor and maintains the receptor in its inactive state. ?

Answer 14

competitive antagonist

Question 15

What is it called when antagonists bind covalently to the active site of the receptor, thereby reducing the number of receptors available to the agonist?

Answer 15

Irreversible antagonist

Question 16

What type of antagonist binds to a site other than the agonist-binding site and prevents the receptor from being activated by the agonist?

Answer 16

Allosteric Antagonist

Question 17

How can you overcome the inhibition of a competitive antagonist?

Answer 17

By increasing the concentration of the agonist

Question 18

What type of antagonist reduces the agonist’s potency (increases EC50)?

Answer 18

Competitive antagonist

Question 19

What type of antagonist reduces the agonist’s efficacy (decreases Emax)?

Answer 19

Non-competitive antagonist

Question 20

What type of antagonist acts at a completely separate receptor, initiating effects that are functionally opposite those of the agonist?

Answer 20

Functional Antagonist

Question 21

What is the ratio of the dose that produces toxicity in half the population (TD50) to the dose that produces a clinically desired or effective response (ED50) in half the population?

Answer 21

Therapeutic Index