Diuretics

Question 1

Where are most carbonic anhydrase inhibitors located?

Answer 1

PCT

Question 2

What is the prototypical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor?

Answer 2

Acetazolamide

Question 3

T/F: carbonic anhydrase inhibition causes significant bicarbonate losses and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What is most common indication for use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

Answer 4

Glaucoma

Question 5

What are the 2 SGLT2 inhibitors (Sodium Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors)?

Answer 5

dapagliflozin and canagliflozin

Question 6

What induces SGLT2 production?

Answer 6

Angiotensin 2

Question 7

What is the half-life of dapagliflozin?

Answer 7

10-12 hours

Question 8

What is the only reason to use SGLT2 inhibitors?

Answer 8

third-line therapy for diabetes mellitus

Question 9

What are the most efficacious diuretic agents currently available?

Answer 9

Loop Diuretics

Question 10

What causes an increase in Mg2+ and Ca2+ excretion.

Answer 10

Loop Diuretics

Question 11

When would you use Loop diuretics?

Answer 11

Hypercalcemia and pulmonary edema

Question 12

T/F: All loop diuretics, with the exception of ethacrynic acid, are sulfonamides

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What inhibits NaCl and enhances Ca resorption?

Answer 13

Thiazides

Question 14

Where are Thiazides taken place?

Answer 14

DCT

Question 15

What is the prototypical Thiazide?

Answer 15

hydrochlorothiazide

Question 16

When would you administer Thiazides?

Answer 16

Hypertension
Heart failure
Nephrolithiasis
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Question 17

What potassium-sparing diuretic increases GFR and blunts Na+ reabsorption in both proximal and collecting tubules?

Answer 17

Nesiritide

Question 18

What is a synthetic steroid that acts as a competitive antagonist to aldosterone?

Answer 18

Spironolactone

Question 19

What is the prototypical osmotic diuretic and prevents the normal absorption of water by interposing a countervailing osmotic force?

Answer 19

Mannitol

Question 20

What ADH antagonist is very effective in treatment of hyponatremia and as an adjunct to standard diuretic therapy in patients with CHF but may cause hypotension?

Answer 20

tolvaptan

Question 21

What ADH antagonist exhibits activity against both V1a and V2 receptors ?

Answer 21

Conivaptan

Question 22

How to treat hypokalemia?

Answer 22

dietary NaCl restriction or by taking dietary KCl supplements