Diuretics Flashcards
Where are most carbonic anhydrase inhibitors located?
PCT
What is the prototypical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor?
Acetazolamide
T/F: carbonic anhydrase inhibition causes significant bicarbonate losses and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
True
What is most common indication for use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
Glaucoma
What are the 2 SGLT2 inhibitors (Sodium Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors)?
dapagliflozin and canagliflozin
What induces SGLT2 production?
Angiotensin 2
What is the half-life of dapagliflozin?
10-12 hours
What is the only reason to use SGLT2 inhibitors?
third-line therapy for diabetes mellitus
What are the most efficacious diuretic agents currently available?
Loop Diuretics
What causes an increase in Mg2+ and Ca2+ excretion.
Loop Diuretics
When would you use Loop diuretics?
Hypercalcemia and pulmonary edema
T/F: All loop diuretics, with the exception of ethacrynic acid, are sulfonamides
True
What inhibits NaCl and enhances Ca resorption?
Thiazides
Where are Thiazides taken place?
DCT
What is the prototypical Thiazide?
hydrochlorothiazide
When would you administer Thiazides?
Hypertension
Heart failure
Nephrolithiasis
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
What potassium-sparing diuretic increases GFR and blunts Na+ reabsorption in both proximal and collecting tubules?
Nesiritide
What is a synthetic steroid that acts as a competitive antagonist to aldosterone?
Spironolactone
What is the prototypical osmotic diuretic and prevents the normal absorption of water by interposing a countervailing osmotic force?
Mannitol
What ADH antagonist is very effective in treatment of hyponatremia and as an adjunct to standard diuretic therapy in patients with CHF but may cause hypotension?
tolvaptan
What ADH antagonist exhibits activity against both V1a and V2 receptors ?
Conivaptan
How to treat hypokalemia?
dietary NaCl restriction or by taking dietary KCl supplements
