Antiepileptics Flashcards
T/F The correct seizure type or epileptic syndrome must be identified prior to starting AED because only certain drugs are effective in treating specific types of seizures
True
What Anti-convulsant drugs block voltage gated sodium channels?
Phenytoin
Valproic acid
Carbamazepine
What anti-convulsant drugs block T type calcium channels?
Valproic acid
Ethosuximide
What inhibits the GABA-A receptor, induces CYP3A4, and is the first anti-seizure drug?
Phenobarbital
What is highly protein bound, 95% of it is metabolized by the liver and is associated with Steven Johnson Syndrome?
Phenytoin
What is deficient in Phenytoin?
Vitamin D and Folic Acid
What is Phenytoin’s major characteristic?
Major CYP inducer
What type of seizure predominately occurs in children and last 10-30 seconds where the child loses consciousness?
Absence seizures
What drug is used as monotherapy for absence seizures and inhibits T-calcium channels?
Ethosuximide
What blocks sodium channels and has adverse drug reactions to hyponatremia, diplopia, ataxia, aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis?
Carbamazepine
What is Carbamazepine’s major characteristic?
Major CYP inducer and it induces itself
What drug blocks T calcium channels, is a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, and increases Hepatic blood enzymes?
Valproic Acid
What is used as adjunctive treatment only for absence seizures and juvenile myoclonic seizures?
Clonazepam and Clorazepate (BZDs)
What is the ADR of BZDs?
Prolonged episodes of multiple seizures if drug withdrawn too quickly
What AED drug is used mainly for neuropathic pain?
Gabapentin
What AED drug is used for peripheral neuropathy and mood disorders (bipolar), but may cause severe skin reactions?
Lamotrigine
What AED drug is used for migraine prevention?
Topiramate
What condition is known as a series of seizures where full recovery from one seizure does not occur before the onset of the next seizure?
Status Epilepticus
Women on AED who are also taking oral birth control pills have how big of a failure rate of contraceptives?
3x higher
What drug is associated with Neural tube formation abnormalities?
Phenytoin
What phenytoin drug is used for treating status epilepticus?
Fosphenytoin