Antimicrobials Flashcards
What Beta-Lactamase inhibitor + antibiotic combination produces Augmentin?
Clavulanic acid + amoxicillin
T/F: β-lactam antibiotics are named after the β-lactam ring that is essential to their activity?
True
What are the 2 natural penicillins?
Benzylpenicillin
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
What is amoxicillin and ampicillin used to treat?
Respiratory infections
Pneumonia
UTI
What are penicillins only effective against?
rapidly growing organisms
T/F: Penicillin has a β-lactam ring structure
True
What enzyme does the β-lactam ring structure bind to?
DD-transpeptidase
What arose due to an alteration of Penicillin Binding proteins (PBP)?
MRSA
What enzyme breaks down the β-lactam ring?
Beta lactamase
Who’s mechanism of action is to disrupt cell wall synthesis AND disrupt the osmotic gradient that is needed to retain structural integrity of the microbe?
Cephalosporins
What generation of cephalosporins have a greater activity against gram POSITIVE and their prefixes usually start with “Cefa-?”
1st generation
What generation of cephalosporins have a greater activity against gram NEGATIVE?
2nd generation
What generation of cephalosporins is effective against meningitis?
3rd generation
What generation of cephalosporins is similar gram positive as 1st generation and greater resistance to beta lactamases than 3rd generation?
4th generation
What generation of cephalosporins is active against MRSA?
5th generation
What generations of cephalosporins are active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
4th and 5th generations
What 5th generation cephalosporin is the only commercially available β-lactam in the United States with activity against MRSA ?
Ceftaroline
What Cephalosporin is effective for most surgical procedures, including orthopedic surgery because of its ability to penetrate bone?
Cefazolin
T/F: All Cephalosporins cross the placenta
True
What tricyclic glycopeptide is used in the treatment of life-threatening MRSA and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) infections, as well as enterococcal infections?
Vancomycin
What gram is Vancomycin used for treatment of?
Gram-Positive
