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Pharmacology > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

What Beta-Lactamase inhibitor + antibiotic combination produces Augmentin?

A

Clavulanic acid + amoxicillin

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2
Q

T/F: β-lactam antibiotics are named after the β-lactam ring that is essential to their activity?

A

True

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3
Q

What are the 2 natural penicillins?

A

Benzylpenicillin

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

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4
Q

What is amoxicillin and ampicillin used to treat?

A

Respiratory infections
Pneumonia
UTI

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5
Q

What are penicillins only effective against?

A

rapidly growing organisms

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6
Q

T/F: Penicillin has a β-lactam ring structure

A

True

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7
Q

What enzyme does the β-lactam ring structure bind to?

A

DD-transpeptidase

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8
Q

What arose due to an alteration of Penicillin Binding proteins (PBP)?

A

MRSA

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9
Q

What enzyme breaks down the β-lactam ring?

A

Beta lactamase

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10
Q

Who’s mechanism of action is to disrupt cell wall synthesis AND disrupt the osmotic gradient that is needed to retain structural integrity of the microbe?

A

Cephalosporins

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11
Q

What generation of cephalosporins have a greater activity against gram POSITIVE and their prefixes usually start with “Cefa-?”

A

1st generation

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12
Q

What generation of cephalosporins have a greater activity against gram NEGATIVE?

A

2nd generation

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13
Q

What generation of cephalosporins is effective against meningitis?

A

3rd generation

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14
Q

What generation of cephalosporins is similar gram positive as 1st generation and greater resistance to beta lactamases than 3rd generation?

A

4th generation

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15
Q

What generation of cephalosporins is active against MRSA?

A

5th generation

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16
Q

What generations of cephalosporins are active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

4th and 5th generations

17
Q

What 5th generation cephalosporin is the only commercially available β-lactam in the United States with activity against MRSA ?

A

Ceftaroline

18
Q

What Cephalosporin is effective for most surgical procedures, including orthopedic surgery because of its ability to penetrate bone?

A

Cefazolin

19
Q

T/F: All Cephalosporins cross the placenta

A

True

20
Q

What tricyclic glycopeptide is used in the treatment of life-threatening MRSA and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) infections, as well as enterococcal infections?

A

Vancomycin

21
Q

What gram is Vancomycin used for treatment of?

A

Gram-Positive

Pharmacology (21 decks)

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