Pharm Ophthalmic II

Question 1

why is epinephrine poorly tolderated in glaucoma

Answer 1

local hyperemia and irritation

Question 2

MOA dipivefrin

Answer 2

prodrug epi

enhance both pathways for aqueous flow

Question 3

selective a2 agonist that does not readily cross BBB used in glaucoma

Answer 3

apraclonidine

Question 4

brimonidine

Answer 4

selective a2 agonist that is lipophilic (corneal penetration)

Question 5

how do apraclonidine and brimonidine work

Answer 5

decrease aqueous production and enhance uveoscleral outflow

Question 6

adverse effects epinipehrine like compounds in eye

Answer 6

red eye from vasoconstriction-vasodilation rebound
ocular and skin allergies
CNS depression and apnea in neonates
CI in children <2 y.o !!!!

Question 7

topical CA I names

MOA

Answer 7

dorzolamide and brinzolamide

inhibit CA II in ciliary body

Question 8

side effects topical CAI

Answer 8

stinging, redness, dry eyes, blurred vision

Question 9

what is the drug cosopt

Answer 9

timolol and dorzolamide

Question 10

MOA topical miotic (cholintergic agonist and cholinesterase inhibitor)

Answer 10

lower IOP by causing contraction ciliary muscle facilitating outflow

Question 11

direct muscarinic agonists

Answer 11

pilocarpine and carbachol

Question 12

ACHEI

Answer 12

echthiophate

Question 13

adverse effects of topical miotic agents

Answer 13

young patients- vusual blurring from myopia
ACHEI can cause cataracts
used cautiously in those with increased risk retinal detachment

Question 14

use of oral CAI

Answer 14

last resort before laser or incisional surgical treatment

Question 15

best tolerated oral preparation of CAI

Answer 15

acetazolamide in sustained release capsules

Question 16

CAI systemic effects if taken orallly

Answer 16

malaise, fatigue, depression, paresthesias, nephrolithiasis

Question 17

topical glucocorticoids used in eye

Answer 17

dexamethasone
prednisolone
fluorometholone
loteprednol
rimexolone
difluprednate

Question 18

glucocorticoids used inw hat eye conditions

Answer 18

ocular allergy, anterior uveitis, external eye inflammatory disease
post operative inflammation

Question 19

how do glucocorticoids reduce scarring from surgical site

Answer 19

delay wound healing process by dec fibroblast infiltration

Question 20

how are steroids given to eye

Answer 20

usually sub tenons capsule injection or intravitreal

Question 21

toxicities from steroids in eye

Answer 21

posterior subcapsular cataracts, secondary infections, secondary open angle glaucoma
steroid induced IOP if + FMH glaucoma

Question 22

NSAIDs used in eye topically

Answer 22

diclofenac
flurbiprofen
ketorolac
bromfenac
nepafenac

Question 23

what is used to counter unwanted intraoperative miosis during cataract surgery

Answer 23

flurbiprofen

Question 24

what NSAI for seasonal allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 24

ketorolac

Question 25

what NSAID used for post operative inflammation

Answer 25

diclofenac

Question 26

Tx cystoid macular edema post cataract surgery

Answer 26

diclofenac and ketorolac

Question 27

Rx for pain after LASIX

Answer 27

topical NSAIDs

Question 28

oral antihistamine for allergic conjucntivitis

Answer 28

pheniramine and antazoline H1 R antagonists

Question 29

topical antihistamines for allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 29

emedastine difumarate and levcabastine hydrochloride

Question 30

what drug prevents release of histamine and autocoids from mast cells

Answer 30

cromolyn Na