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Year 2 neuro exam 1 > Path XVI > Flashcards

Path XVI Flashcards

1
Q

most frequent glial tumor in children

A

pilocytic astroctyoma

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2
Q

pilocytic astrocytomas develop where

A

cerebellum
thalamus
hypothalamus
optic nerve

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3
Q

well circumscribed, not diffuse
solid and cystic in cerebellum in child
hydrocephalus

A

pilocytic astrocytoma

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4
Q

Prognosis pilocytic astrocytoma

A

overall good prognosis

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5
Q

histo of pilocytic astrocytoma

A

cytoplasm very thin
gelatinous cyst material
GFAP + b/c astrocytic

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6
Q

diffuse astrocytoma

A

any site in CNS: supratentorial
seizures, headaches, focal signs
tendency to progress higher grade

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7
Q

prognosis diffuse astrocytoma

A

5-7 years

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8
Q

what is a diffuse pontine glioma

A

astrocytoma

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9
Q

most frequent glial tumor in adults

A

glioblastoma WHO IV

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10
Q

glioblastoma signs

A

seizures, HA, focal deficits
supratentorial
survival around a year

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11
Q

primary glioblastoma

A

loss of heterogenicity!!

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12
Q

secondary glioblastoma

A

starts low grade astrocytoma, anaplastic
IDH1 and 2 point mutations
TP53
loss of heterogenicity

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13
Q

isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation

A

secondary glioblastoma

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14
Q

IDH mutations have better or worse prognosis

A

better

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15
Q

why do glioblastomas light up with contrast

A

neovascularization

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16
Q

what are the sheets of pink in the sea of blue cells in glioblastoma

A

necrosis

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17
Q

where do oligodendrogliomas grow

A

supratentorial
cortical
white matter
frontal lobe!!

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18
Q

presentation oligodendrogliomas

A

long Hx headaches and seizures

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19
Q

mutations in olidodendrogliomas

A

IDH1/2

deletion 1p and 19q

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20
Q

what mutation determines long lasting response to chemo and radiation

A

1p 19q

21
Q

fried egg appearance on brain tissue histo with calcifications

A

oligodendroglioma

22
Q

medulloblastomas form where

A

posterior fossa in vermis

23
Q

signs of medulloblastoma

A

ataxia and signs of increased pressure

24
Q

where do medulloblastomas disseminate

A

subarachnoid space

25
Q

prognosis medulloblastomas

A

50-70% 5 yr

26
Q

medulloblastomas arise from

A

stem cells in subependymal matrix in extra granular layer of cerebellum

27
Q

are medulloblastomas cystic

A

no

solid

28
Q

homer wright rosettes

A

medulloblastoma

29
Q

CSF in medulloblastoma

A

high protein
low glucose
tumor cells +

30
Q

Tx medulloblastoma

A

resection, shunting, radiation, intrathecal chemo

31
Q

“caked” surface on brain of tumor

A

medulloblastoma

32
Q

CNS lymphoma thought to arise from

A

microglia

33
Q

patients affected by PCNSL

A

immunocompromised

34
Q

PCNSL is usually what type

A

diffuse large B cell lymphoma

35
Q

Dx PCNSL

A

Biopsy or IHC studies

36
Q

test needed to be done on immunocompromised patient with PCNSL

A

EBV positive

37
Q

spread of PCNSL

A

meningeal

38
Q

Tx PCNSL

A

corticosteroids induce apoptosis

39
Q

majority mets tumors are what kind

A

brain tumors

40
Q

primary tumor in men causing brain tumors

A

lung

41
Q

primary tumor in women causing brain tumors

A

breast cancer

42
Q

tumor with highest rate of mets

A

melanoma

43
Q

signs of meningeal carcinomatosis

A

headache, drowsiness,CN deficits, spinal root pain, paresthesias

44
Q

CSF in meningeal carcinomatosis

A

high protein
low glucose
few lymphocytes

45
Q

ependymoma

A

slow growing tumor, well circumscribed but can disseminate
hydrocephalus
in ventricular sytem and spinal cord

46
Q

where are schwannomas in CNS

A

vestibular branch of 8th CN

47
Q

syndrome with b/l schwanomas (benign)

A

NF2

48
Q

histo ependymoma

A

rossette with empty lumen

Year 2 neuro exam 1 (23 decks)

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