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Year 2 neuro exam 1 > Path II > Flashcards

Path II Flashcards

1
Q

common cause of alzheimer type II astrocytes

A

hepatic encephalopathy

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2
Q

when does irreversible injury occur in neurons in hypoxic or ischemic conditions

A

5-10 minutes

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3
Q

red neurons appear when

A

12-24 hours after death

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4
Q

most important histopathologic indicator of chronic CNs injury

A

gliosis

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5
Q

gliosis

A

astrocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy

asctrocytes have GFAP

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6
Q

what lines central canal

A

ependyma

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7
Q

what supplies blood to the choroid plexus

A

choroidal branches of internal carotid and basilar aa

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8
Q

what is blood supply to choroid plexus in 4th ventricle

A

PICA

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9
Q

majoirty CSF produced where

A

in the lateral ventricles

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10
Q

movement of CSF is controlled by

A

pulstaion of aa

aid of cilia and microvilli of ependymal cells

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11
Q

factors that facilitate flow of CSF in subarachnoid space

A

pulsation of cerebral and spinal aa
movements of the vertebral column
respiration and coughing
changing of positions

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12
Q

what aa is implicated in epidural bleeds

A

middle meningeal from the anterior cerebral

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13
Q

epidural space is between what layers

A

calvaria and periosteal layer dura

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14
Q

subdural layer

A

between meningeal dura and arachnoid mater

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15
Q

subarachnoid space

A

not real space

between arachnoid and pia mater

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16
Q

what type of brain bleed can cause blood in lumbar puncture

A

sub arachnoid because blood can get into the CSF

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17
Q

what controls CSF P

A

the rate of absorption of CSF by the arachnoid granulations

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18
Q

what is virchow robbins space

A

space that surrounds vessels in brain except end at level of capillaries

19
Q

what happens when inflammatory cells get into virchow robbins soace

A

BB altered secondary to inflammation and the brain parenchyma becomes edematous with neutrophils

20
Q

what can cause blood in CSF

A

accidental puncture of leptomeningeal vein when doing puncture
subarachnoid hemoorhage

21
Q

how is CSF evaluated for blood

A

do many tubes consecutive and see if blood clears. if it doesn’t then probably subarachonid hemorrhage and not puncture of a during lumbar puncture

22
Q

what causes the blonde color or xatnthochromia of CSF after subarachnoid bleed

A

oxyhemoglobin which apperas in 4-6 hrs and bilirubin

23
Q

what else can cause xanthocrhomia of CSF

A

hemorrhagic infarcts, brain tumors and jaundice

24
Q

causes of bloody CSF

A

SAH
Intracerebral hemorrhage
cerebral infarct
traumatic spinal tap

25
Q

brown xanthocrhomia

A

meningeal mets melanoma

26
Q

hemosiderin laden macrophages in CSF

A

from SAH

27
Q

what can cause increased CSF neutrophils

A 
meningitis
other infections
cerebral abscess, AIDS related CMV
after seizure
after CNS hemorrhage
CNS infarct
repeated lumbar puncture
injection foreign material in subarachnoid space
mets
28
Q

what can cause increase CSF lymphocytosis

A 
meningitis
usually viral
degenerative disorders
MS, Drug abuse encephalopathy
guillain barre!
other inflammatory disorders
29
Q

tumor cells in CSF

A

ALL
blast cells with scant blue cytoplasm
fine chromatin and 1-2 nuclei

30
Q

most common cancers mets to brain

A

carcinomas

31
Q

CSF rinorrhea

A

badness!
disrupted barrier between sinonasal cavity and ant/middle cranial fossa
can cause infections!! to brain!

32
Q

beta 2 transferrin

A

located in CSF, perilymph and aqueous humor

33
Q

single best lab test to detect CSF in sinonasal fluid

A

beta 2 transferrin

34
Q

spontaneous CSF rinorrhea

A

secondary to an intracranial process, like elvated intracranial P

35
Q

what is encephalocele

A

when brain parenchyma herniates through a defect

36
Q

double ring sign

A

CSF

37
Q

what are the rings of CSF

A

internal is blood and outer is CSF

38
Q

localization of leak of CSF

A

inject intrathecal fluorescein to locate

39
Q

primary tumors assoc with ventricles

A

choroid plexus papilloma
ependymoma
choroid plexus carcinoma (rare)

40
Q

choroid plexus papilloma presentation

A

rare

increased CSF can lead to hydrocephalus or an obstruction too

41
Q

choroid plexus papilloma location children vs adults

A

lateral ventricle in children

4th ventricle in adults

42
Q

age of ependymoma

A

children and adolescents

43
Q

location of ependymoma

A

4th ventricle

block cSF and cause hydrocephalus

44
Q

rossettes and pseudorosettes

A

ependymoma

Year 2 neuro exam 1 (23 decks)

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