Path V Flashcards
what is the ring around infarcts seen microscopically around 2-3 weeks after incident
grnaulation tissue
what is the syndrome called with posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome
lateral medullary syndrome
wallenberg
Sx lateral medullary sydrome
loss of pain and temp on contra side
ipsi face
diagnostic!!!!!!!
what tract is damaged in lateral medullary syndrome causing loss of pain and temp to contra body
spinothalamic tract
what part of brain is damaged in lateral medullary syndrome that causes ataxia
cerebellum or inferior cerebellar peduncle
what fibers can be damaged in lateral medullary syndrome that lead to horner like signs
hypothalamiospinal fibers
what nuclei involvement can cause nystagmus vertigo and nausea and vomiting
deiters nucleus and vestibular nuclei
what is a very bad complicaiton lateral medullary syndrome
increased P in posterior fossa that can cause tonsillar herniation affecting the respiratory center
what causes the fatal gastroeneteritis with lateral medullary syndrome
if vesticular and deitersnuclei involved
onset lateral medullary syndrome assoc with what
severe vertigo
widespread white matter hemorrhages
bone marrow embolization
what can cause bone marrow embolizaiton
long bone fractures cause embolie
widespread white matter hemorrhages are seen in bone marrow embolization and what type
fat emboli
like in burn patient
TIA
transient ischemic attack
TIA lasts how long
1 hr leaves small infarcts
TIA important warning sign for what
stroke
majority strokes caused by
HTN, antigoagulatns, subarachnodi hemorrhage
HTN causes hemorrhage where
basalganglia area and thalamus and pons!
hemorrhagic stroke occurs in what aa
lenticulostriate and recurrent a of heubner
both from MCA
why do many patients with same stroke origination present differently
collateral circulation
striatum
caudate and putamen
lentiform nucleus
putamen and globus pallidus
recurrent a of heubner suplies what
caudate head and ant putamen and globus pallidus
all inputs basal ganglia arrive via what
striatum and nuc accumbens
outputs of basal ganglia leav how
internal segment globus palludus
close to substantia nigra pars reticulata
basal ganglia control what
general motor control
eye movements
cognitive functions
emotional functions
pure motor stroke
contra pons or internal capsule
pure sensory stroke
contra thalamus
MCA syndrome
hemiparesis face and arm >leg aphasia sensory loss hemianopia eye deviation
ACA syndrome
lower extremity weakness, sensory loss, incontinence
PCA syndrome
homonymous hemianopia
sensory loss
imaging more sensitive to Dx small ischemic areas
MRI
but not as fast
what imaging is used to evaluate carotid aa and heart as sources of embolus
US
Tx TIA
preservation of tissue in penumbra
t-PA and recanalizaiton if embolus
watch for inc intracranial P
jet bleed into brain tissue
subarachnoid hemorrhage
where do intracranial aneurysms form
where there are gaps in media and internal elastica
majority berry aneurysms
circle of willis and 1st bifurcation MCA
if find one berry sneurysm must do what
look for others
patients at increased risk for intracranial aneurysms
W>M
coarctation aorta (marfans)
polycystic kidney disease since ciliopathy
smoking and alcohol
what are arteriovenous malformations
aa and vv proliferation
inc risk of bleeding
what can occur intracranially in sturge weber syndrome
abnormal vessels in the subarachnoid space
can cause microcalcifications that cause seizures and neuro deficits
hemangioma in opthalmic division V
sturge weber
hypertensive encephalopathy
severe HA, nausea, vomiting, papilledema, visual disturbances, seizures, confusion and coma
fibrinoid necrosis small a
hypertensive encephalopathy
cerebral amyloid angiopathy
deposition of beta amyloid into small vessels
congo red +
cerebral amyloid angiopathy assoc with what
alzheimers because AD also deposits amyloid beta
what type of hemorrhage in Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
lobar
what phenotype assoc with cerebral amyloid angiopathy
ApoE
what stain for CAA
beta amyloid immunostain
the ischemic lesions in CAA can cause what clinical featues
dementia
