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Year 2 neuro exam 1 > Path V > Flashcards

Path V Flashcards

1
Q

what is the ring around infarcts seen microscopically around 2-3 weeks after incident

A

grnaulation tissue

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2
Q

what is the syndrome called with posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome

A

lateral medullary syndrome

wallenberg

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3
Q

Sx lateral medullary sydrome

A

loss of pain and temp on contra side
ipsi face
diagnostic!!!!!!!

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4
Q

what tract is damaged in lateral medullary syndrome causing loss of pain and temp to contra body

A

spinothalamic tract

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5
Q

what part of brain is damaged in lateral medullary syndrome that causes ataxia

A

cerebellum or inferior cerebellar peduncle

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6
Q

what fibers can be damaged in lateral medullary syndrome that lead to horner like signs

A

hypothalamiospinal fibers

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7
Q

what nuclei involvement can cause nystagmus vertigo and nausea and vomiting

A

deiters nucleus and vestibular nuclei

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8
Q

what is a very bad complicaiton lateral medullary syndrome

A

increased P in posterior fossa that can cause tonsillar herniation affecting the respiratory center

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9
Q

what causes the fatal gastroeneteritis with lateral medullary syndrome

A

if vesticular and deitersnuclei involved

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10
Q

onset lateral medullary syndrome assoc with what

A

severe vertigo

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11
Q

widespread white matter hemorrhages

A

bone marrow embolization

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12
Q

what can cause bone marrow embolizaiton

A

long bone fractures cause embolie

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13
Q

widespread white matter hemorrhages are seen in bone marrow embolization and what type

A

fat emboli

like in burn patient

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14
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack

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15
Q

TIA lasts how long

A

1 hr leaves small infarcts

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16
Q

TIA important warning sign for what

A

stroke

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17
Q

majority strokes caused by

A

HTN, antigoagulatns, subarachnodi hemorrhage

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18
Q

HTN causes hemorrhage where

A

basalganglia area and thalamus and pons!

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19
Q

hemorrhagic stroke occurs in what aa

A

lenticulostriate and recurrent a of heubner

both from MCA

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20
Q

why do many patients with same stroke origination present differently

A

collateral circulation

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21
Q

striatum

A

caudate and putamen

22
Q

lentiform nucleus

A

putamen and globus pallidus

23
Q

recurrent a of heubner suplies what

A

caudate head and ant putamen and globus pallidus

24
Q

all inputs basal ganglia arrive via what

A

striatum and nuc accumbens

25
Q

outputs of basal ganglia leav how

A

internal segment globus palludus

close to substantia nigra pars reticulata

26
Q

basal ganglia control what

A

general motor control
eye movements
cognitive functions
emotional functions

27
Q

pure motor stroke

A

contra pons or internal capsule

28
Q

pure sensory stroke

A

contra thalamus

29
Q

MCA syndrome

A 
hemiparesis face and arm >leg
aphasia
sensory loss
hemianopia
eye deviation
30
Q

ACA syndrome

A

lower extremity weakness, sensory loss, incontinence

31
Q

PCA syndrome

A

homonymous hemianopia

sensory loss

32
Q

imaging more sensitive to Dx small ischemic areas

A

MRI

but not as fast

33
Q

what imaging is used to evaluate carotid aa and heart as sources of embolus

A

US

34
Q

Tx TIA

A

preservation of tissue in penumbra
t-PA and recanalizaiton if embolus
watch for inc intracranial P

35
Q

jet bleed into brain tissue

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

36
Q

where do intracranial aneurysms form

A

where there are gaps in media and internal elastica

37
Q

majority berry aneurysms

A

circle of willis and 1st bifurcation MCA

38
Q

if find one berry sneurysm must do what

A

look for others

39
Q

patients at increased risk for intracranial aneurysms

A

W>M
coarctation aorta (marfans)
polycystic kidney disease since ciliopathy
smoking and alcohol

40
Q

what are arteriovenous malformations

A

aa and vv proliferation

inc risk of bleeding

41
Q

what can occur intracranially in sturge weber syndrome

A

abnormal vessels in the subarachnoid space

can cause microcalcifications that cause seizures and neuro deficits

42
Q

hemangioma in opthalmic division V

A

sturge weber

43
Q

hypertensive encephalopathy

A

severe HA, nausea, vomiting, papilledema, visual disturbances, seizures, confusion and coma

44
Q

fibrinoid necrosis small a

A

hypertensive encephalopathy

45
Q

cerebral amyloid angiopathy

A

deposition of beta amyloid into small vessels

congo red +

46
Q

cerebral amyloid angiopathy assoc with what

A

alzheimers because AD also deposits amyloid beta

47
Q

what type of hemorrhage in Cerebral amyloid angiopathy

A

lobar

48
Q

what phenotype assoc with cerebral amyloid angiopathy

A

ApoE

49
Q

what stain for CAA

A

beta amyloid immunostain

50
Q

the ischemic lesions in CAA can cause what clinical featues

A

dementia

Year 2 neuro exam 1 (23 decks)

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