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Year 2 neuro exam 1 > Path X > Flashcards

Path X Flashcards

1
Q

common mycotic infection of nervous system

A

aspergillosis

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2
Q

spores in lungs

A

aspergillosis

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3
Q

spread of aspergillosis

A

hematogenous

direct invasion

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4
Q

what does aspergillosis cause in brain

A

hemorrhagic infarcts and abscesses

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5
Q

prognosis aspergillosis

A

high mortality with appropriate therapy

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6
Q

aspergillosis affects what parts of brain

A

meninges and parenchyma

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7
Q

45 degree branching on histo from vascular wall section

A

aspergillosis

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8
Q

how do amoebic abscesses happen

A

enteric viruses
gets to cerebrum through nasal cavity
can get from swimming in fresh water bodies

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9
Q

most common parasitic infection of CNS leading cause epilepsy worldwide

A

neurocysticercosis

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10
Q

how do people acquire neurocysticercosis

A

pork meat

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11
Q

what occurs in neurocysticercosis

A

inflammatory after parasites death
eventually calcifies
focal or generalized seizures, papilledema, HA, vomiting and ataxia, vertigo, focal motor and sensory deficits, dementia, acute hydrocephalus and occasionally sudden death

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12
Q

multiple cysts through all of the parenchyma of brain

A

neurocysticercosis

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13
Q

cysts inside the ventricles of brain

A

neurocysticercosis

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14
Q

CD 4 count <100

A

lymphoma, EBV and DLBCL

toxoplasmosis

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15
Q

CD4 count <50

A

cryptococcus

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16
Q

imaging show multiple ring enhancing lesions

A

toxo

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17
Q

type of dementia in CJD

A

subacute progressive dementia

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18
Q

prions

A

proteinaceous infectious agents

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19
Q

presentation CJD

A

subacutely progressive dementia, often characteristic EEG changes and CSF findings
very long latent period
no Tx

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20
Q

prion precursor protein encoded by what gene

A

PRNP

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21
Q

PrPc

A

normal protein

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22
Q

PrPsc

A

abnormal protein, protease resistant

23
Q

human prion diseases

A

CJD
kuru
grestmann-straussler scheinker syndrome
fatal familial insomnia

24
Q

types of CJD

A

sporadic
familial
iatrogenic
variant

25
Q

kuru

A

was from new guinea natives from eating brains of dead people

26
Q

Gerstmann Straussler Scheinker syndrome GSS

A

autosomal dominant slowly progressive ataxia and dementia

widespread PrPtse amyloid plaques throughout CNS

27
Q

fatal familial insomnia

A

autosomal dominant disorder with pathological lesions in thalamus

28
Q

alpha pleated sheet prion

A

normal Prc

29
Q

beta pleated sheet prion

A

Pr sc abnormal prion

30
Q

what happens with one Pr sc prion

A

spreads

31
Q

spongiosis and vacuolization on histo of brain

A

CJD

“spongioform degeneration”

32
Q

how do prions cause neuronal death

A

stop normal transport in neurons

33
Q

how are types of CJD distinguished

A

western blot of CSF

34
Q

mad cow disease

A

CJD

35
Q

anti NMDA R encephalitis

A

autoimmune encephalitis

36
Q

What neurodegenerative diseases cause dementia

A

alzheimers
parkinsons
diffuse lewy body dementia
huntingtons

37
Q

alzheimers attack what part of brain

A

corticobasal degeneration
cortical
frontotemporal dementia

38
Q

parkinsons attacks what part of brain

A

midbrain
idiopathic
post infectious

39
Q

huntingtons affects what part of brain

A

caudate

40
Q

CAG repeat syndromes

A

spinocerebellar degenerations

spinocerebellar ataxias and friedreichs ataxia

41
Q

ALS attacks what in brain

A

motor system

42
Q

what can cause cellular damage in brain

A

free radicals
DNA damage and repair
excitotoxicity
BBB dysfunction
mitochondrial dysfunction with energy depletion
protein truncation with dysfunction/misfolding and/or accumulation

43
Q

alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency is caused by

A

caused by protein misfolding

44
Q

endoplasmic reticulum dilated from aggregates of misfolded protein

A

alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency

45
Q

the misfolded proteins in alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency cause what

A

apoptosis

46
Q

common feature of several neurodegenerative conditions

A 
beta amyloid
tau
TDP43
synuclein
huntingtin
prion protein
47
Q

beta amyloid collects in what diseases

A

alzheimer disease

cerebral amyloid angiopathy

48
Q

tau collects in what diseases

A

alzheimers
frontotemporal lobar degeneration
picks disease
progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration

49
Q

TDP43 collects in

A

frontotemporal lobar degeneration

some forms of ALS

50
Q

synuclein collects in

A

parkinsons

dementia with lewy bodies disease, multiple system atrophy

51
Q

huntington collects in

A

huntingtons

52
Q

prio protein diseases

A

CJD vCJD GSS FFI

53
Q

alzheimer disease protein build up

A

beta amyloid

tau

Year 2 neuro exam 1 (23 decks)

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