Path X Flashcards
common mycotic infection of nervous system
aspergillosis
spores in lungs
aspergillosis
spread of aspergillosis
hematogenous
direct invasion
what does aspergillosis cause in brain
hemorrhagic infarcts and abscesses
prognosis aspergillosis
high mortality with appropriate therapy
aspergillosis affects what parts of brain
meninges and parenchyma
45 degree branching on histo from vascular wall section
aspergillosis
how do amoebic abscesses happen
enteric viruses
gets to cerebrum through nasal cavity
can get from swimming in fresh water bodies
most common parasitic infection of CNS leading cause epilepsy worldwide
neurocysticercosis
how do people acquire neurocysticercosis
pork meat
what occurs in neurocysticercosis
inflammatory after parasites death
eventually calcifies
focal or generalized seizures, papilledema, HA, vomiting and ataxia, vertigo, focal motor and sensory deficits, dementia, acute hydrocephalus and occasionally sudden death
multiple cysts through all of the parenchyma of brain
neurocysticercosis
cysts inside the ventricles of brain
neurocysticercosis
CD 4 count <100
lymphoma, EBV and DLBCL
toxoplasmosis
CD4 count <50
cryptococcus
imaging show multiple ring enhancing lesions
toxo
type of dementia in CJD
subacute progressive dementia
prions
proteinaceous infectious agents
presentation CJD
subacutely progressive dementia, often characteristic EEG changes and CSF findings
very long latent period
no Tx
prion precursor protein encoded by what gene
PRNP
PrPc
normal protein
PrPsc
abnormal protein, protease resistant
human prion diseases
CJD
kuru
grestmann-straussler scheinker syndrome
fatal familial insomnia
types of CJD
sporadic
familial
iatrogenic
variant
kuru
was from new guinea natives from eating brains of dead people
Gerstmann Straussler Scheinker syndrome GSS
autosomal dominant slowly progressive ataxia and dementia
widespread PrPtse amyloid plaques throughout CNS
fatal familial insomnia
autosomal dominant disorder with pathological lesions in thalamus
alpha pleated sheet prion
normal Prc
beta pleated sheet prion
Pr sc abnormal prion
what happens with one Pr sc prion
spreads
spongiosis and vacuolization on histo of brain
CJD
“spongioform degeneration”
how do prions cause neuronal death
stop normal transport in neurons
how are types of CJD distinguished
western blot of CSF
mad cow disease
CJD
anti NMDA R encephalitis
autoimmune encephalitis
What neurodegenerative diseases cause dementia
alzheimers
parkinsons
diffuse lewy body dementia
huntingtons
alzheimers attack what part of brain
corticobasal degeneration
cortical
frontotemporal dementia
parkinsons attacks what part of brain
midbrain
idiopathic
post infectious
huntingtons affects what part of brain
caudate
CAG repeat syndromes
spinocerebellar degenerations
spinocerebellar ataxias and friedreichs ataxia
ALS attacks what in brain
motor system
what can cause cellular damage in brain
free radicals
DNA damage and repair
excitotoxicity
BBB dysfunction
mitochondrial dysfunction with energy depletion
protein truncation with dysfunction/misfolding and/or accumulation
alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency is caused by
caused by protein misfolding
endoplasmic reticulum dilated from aggregates of misfolded protein
alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency
the misfolded proteins in alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency cause what
apoptosis
common feature of several neurodegenerative conditions
beta amyloid tau TDP43 synuclein huntingtin prion protein
beta amyloid collects in what diseases
alzheimer disease
cerebral amyloid angiopathy
tau collects in what diseases
alzheimers
frontotemporal lobar degeneration
picks disease
progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration
TDP43 collects in
frontotemporal lobar degeneration
some forms of ALS
synuclein collects in
parkinsons
dementia with lewy bodies disease, multiple system atrophy
huntington collects in
huntingtons
prio protein diseases
CJD vCJD GSS FFI
alzheimer disease protein build up
beta amyloid
tau
