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Year 2 neuro exam 1 > Path XV > Flashcards

Path XV Flashcards

1
Q

Sympathetic opthalmia

A

non infectious grnaulomatous inflammation of uvea of both eyes

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2
Q

what can cause sympathetic opthalmia

A

trauma to one eye causing Ag to be visible to immune system and have delayed HS reaction in other eye as well
activates 2 weeks - many years post injury

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3
Q

risk factors for mortality with uveal melanoma

A

larger tumor size, anterior eye location, extraocular extension

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4
Q

mets in uveal melanoma

A

2-4 years from time of Dx

usually liver

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5
Q

Tx uveal melanoma

A

globe conserving:
bradytherapy
charge particle therapy
enucleation: large tumor or orbital or optic nerve involvement

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6
Q

zonular fibers extend from

A

pars plicata to lens

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7
Q

what keeps lens from falling back into posterior eye

A

lens

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8
Q

where do cataracts form

A

in corneal stroma and bowmans layer

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9
Q

Sx cataracts

A

diminished acuity
glare
myopic shift
monocular diplopia

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10
Q

open angle glaucoma

A

aqueous humor has access to trabecular meshwork

increase IOP from increased R to aqueous outflow in open angle

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11
Q

most common glaucoma

A

open angle

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12
Q

mutations assoc with open angle

A

myocilin MYOC

optineurin OPTN

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13
Q

angle closure glaucoma

A

peripheral zone iris adheres to trabecular meshwork and impedes the outflow of aqueous humor from eye

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14
Q

cupping in eye

A

increased IOP

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15
Q

what are the tumors of glial cells

A

astrocytomas:
glioblastoma multiforme
oligodendroglioma
ependymoma- choroic plexus plexus papilla

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16
Q

types of neuronal tumors

A

ganglioglioma
gangliocytoma
central neurocytoma

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17
Q

what are the embryonal tumors of neuroglial cells

A

medulloblastoma

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18
Q

what is difference of intra axial or extra axial tumor in brain

A

intra means in neuro tissue

extra axial means extrinsic to brain

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19
Q

what are extra axial tumors in head

A

meningioma and schwannoma

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20
Q

are astrocytomas intra axial or extra

A

intra

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21
Q

terms associated with malignant tumors

A

cellular atypia, loss of differentiation

22
Q

common genetic mutation in low grade astrocytoma

A

tp53

isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation

23
Q

which astrocytoma does not have the tp53 mutation

A

pilocytic astrocytoma

24
Q

what mutations are associated with anaplastic astrocytoma-glioblastoma

A 
EGFR amplification
PTEN alteration (chromosome 10q loss)
25
Q

what mutations are associated with oligodendroglioma

A

1p and 19q codeletion

26
Q

what mutation associated with medulloblastoma

A

isochromosome 17q

27
Q

mutation with atypical teratoid-rhabdoid tumor

A

loss 22q

28
Q

mutation meningioma

A

loss 22q

29
Q

mutaiton in schwannomas

A

loss of 22q, mutations of NF2 gene

30
Q

gene and locus for Li Fraumeni

A

TP53/17p
astrocytoma
breast carcinoma, bone and soft tissue sarcoma

31
Q

familial syndromes with increased risk CNS tumors

A

NF1 NF2 VHL, li fraumeni

TS, Gorlin

32
Q

CNS tumor in NF1 patients

A

b/l optic nerve astrocytomas
plexiform neurofibromas
malignant peripheral nerve tumors

33
Q

17q mutation

A

neurofibromin

autodominant

34
Q

non CNS affects of NF1 patients

A

cafe au lait
dysplasia of sphenoid wing
skeletal abnormalities
fibromuscular dysplasia of aa

35
Q

infections that can cause intracranial mass lesion

A

cerebral abscess
toxoplasmosis
TB

36
Q

hemorrhages in CNS

A

hematoma

hemorrhagic mets

37
Q

astrocytic tumors

A

pilocytic
diffuse
other

38
Q

what grade is pilocytic astrocytoma

A

Grade I

39
Q

what grade is diffuse astrocytoma

A

grades II III IV

40
Q

worst type of astrocytoma

A

glioblastoma

41
Q

why are medulloblastomas common in children

A 
high maturation in cerebellum
periventricular cells (small blue cells)
42
Q

meningiomas can induce what

A

herniation like syndromes

43
Q

meningiomas arise from what

A

meningoepithelial cells of arachnoid

44
Q

mutation meningioma

A

22q

merlin protein loss of function

45
Q

NF2 patients have increased risk for what CNS tumor post radiation

A

meningioma

46
Q

meningioma in skull

mets?

A

no grows into skull

not mets

47
Q

tumor cells in whorls with hyalinized and calcified centers called psammoma bodies

A

meningiomas

48
Q

most common group of primary brain tumors

A

gliomas:
astrocytoma
oligodendrogliomas
ependymomas

49
Q

gliomas arrive from what

A

stem cell progenitors

50
Q

2 major categories of astrocytic tumors

A

infiltrating

more localized: pilocytic

51
Q

what are the infiltrating astrocytomas

A

diffuse
anaplastic
glioblastoma

Year 2 neuro exam 1 (23 decks)

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