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Year 2 neuro exam 1 > Path III > Flashcards

Path III Flashcards

1
Q

2 components of traumatic brain injury

A

impact

movement of brain in skull

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2
Q

types of skull fractures

A

depression
composed
hairline
subdural

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3
Q

rupture of bridging veins cause what

A

subdural bleed

crescent

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4
Q

cerebral a rupture cause what bleed

A

subarachnoid

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5
Q

most comon bleed on impact

A

epidural

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6
Q

middle meningeal is a branch of what

A

external carotid

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7
Q

sub dural bleeds are more common in what populations

A

older adults and infants because that subdural space is greater, greater tension on impact and brain has more room to move and get hurt

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8
Q

half moon hemorrhage

A

subdural

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9
Q

a chronic subdural bleed will appear what density on CT

A

hyper

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10
Q

hematocrit effect

A

subacute re bleeding into previous hemorrhaged areas

subdural hematoma

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11
Q

hygroma

A

chronic subdural hematoma

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12
Q

what type necrosis in chronic subdural hematoma

A

liquefactive

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13
Q

vertebral aa traverse what vertebrae

A

C6- C1

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14
Q

what occurs if laceration of basilar or vertebral a

A

acute bleed into subarachnoid space

= death

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15
Q

secondary problem of blood in subarachnoid space

A

toxic to other aa and cause vasopasms which dec perfusino more, Cx affected first
leakage of cell fluid cause edema
! uh oh

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16
Q

triad os shakey baby syndrome

A

encephalopathy
subdural hematomas
retinal hemorrhages

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17
Q

subdural hematomas in shakey baby syndrome locaed where

A

interhemispheric fissure usually

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18
Q

what occurs to brain and components in shakey baby syndrome

A

diffuse axonal injury from white matter strecthing

also eventually develop brain atrophy

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19
Q

what is a contusion

A

hemorrhagic necrosis of brain tissue

20
Q

common contusion areas

A

orbital surfaces of frontal lobes and tips of temporal lobes

21
Q

what is counter coup

A

contusions that develop opp impact because brain is whiplashed

22
Q

what part of brain most prone to acceleration decelerations injuries

A

deep white matter

23
Q

mod severe axonal injury can lead to what

A

wallerian degeneration

24
Q

what is diffuse axonal injury

A

white matter/axons stretched

usually MVA or blows to unsupported head

25
Q

what is used to measure DAI

A

beta amyloid precursor protein because will build up if cannot be transported down axon

26
Q

common location DAI lesion

A

corpus callosum

27
Q

stain for beta amyloid precursor protein

A

IHC stain

28
Q

axonal swelling that is red

A

NOT red neuron

DAI

29
Q

red neurons with spherules

A

red neurons

30
Q

area of CNS subject to highest twisting force in sagittal roration of hemispheres

A

the upper brainstem

reticular system

31
Q

cumulative concussions can cause

A

chronic traumatic encephalopathy

32
Q

chronic traumatic encephlopathy

A

dementia

football players

33
Q

tau stain

A

used for chronic traumatic encephalopathy because the tau protein collects on rim of Cx

34
Q

role of tau

A

microtubule stabilization

35
Q

tau fibrils also accumulate with what disease

A

alzheimers

36
Q

high levels tau protein in CSF linked to what

A

poor recovery after head trauma

37
Q

what are delayed neurological complications

A

seizures, infection, aneurysm, hydrocephalus swelling hematoma, increased pressure

38
Q

subfalcin herniation is where and can cause what

A

the main falx herniates to a side
can compress anterior cerebral a
infarction
though this is rare

39
Q

what is a central herniation and what can it cause

A

brain herniating down
VI compressed- lateral gaze palsy
b/l uncal herniation causing hemiparesis or full paresis

40
Q

What is uncal transtentorial herniation

A

where uncus herniates into tentorium

41
Q

signs uncal transtentorial herniation

A

3rd cranial nerve compromised- blown pupil
corticospinal tract- hemiplegia
could compress posterior cerebral a– primary visual Cx

42
Q

What is tonsillar herniation

A

the tonsils herniate

43
Q

signs tonsillar herniation

A

respiratory and cardiac effects

death

44
Q

general Sx of inc intracranial P

A 
HA
altered mental status
nausea vomiting
papilledema
visual loss
diplopia
cushings triad: HTN, bradycardia, irregular respirations
45
Q

how does brain compensate for inc intracranial mass

A

reduce CSF and blood volume

46
Q

Duret hemorrhage

A

pons and brainstem

small lineal bleeds

47
Q

kernohans phenomenon

A

in uncal herniation where you get compression of posterior limb internal capsule
so ipsilateralhemiplegia from contralateral corticospinal compression

Year 2 neuro exam 1 (23 decks)

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