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Year 2 neuro exam 1 > Path I > Flashcards

Path I Flashcards

1
Q

what is the timecourse for vascular neuro path

A

sec to minutes

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2
Q

what is timecourse for abscess in neuro

A

hours days

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3
Q

what is timecourse for neoplasms in neuro

A

weeks to months

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4
Q

what is timecourse for degenerative disease

A

months years decades

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5
Q

how does neuro MS present

A

relapse and remission over years

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6
Q

toxic causes for neuro path

A

drugs endocrine, electrolytes, nutritional, organ failure

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7
Q

acute diffuse symmetrical sx in neuro is usually what

A

viral, metabolic or toxic

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8
Q

pain in neuro are usually what srtuctures

A

meninges and vessels have pain fibers

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9
Q

gray matter pathophys characteristic

A

cognitive loss, movement disorders or seizures

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10
Q

white matter presentation

A

motor sensory visual or cerebellar

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11
Q

progressive symmetric loss is usually

A

metabolic or degenerative

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12
Q

head and limb defects on opposite sides is usually what location lesion

A

brainstem

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13
Q

what imaging is used in neuroradiology

A

CT MRI and angiography

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14
Q

What imaging is prefferedin emergencie neuro situations

A

CT because fast and can see fresh blood and skull fractures

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15
Q

what color will the subcut fat of scalp be

A

near black

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16
Q

what color is CSF on CT

A

black- hypodense

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17
Q

what is “isodense” on CT

A

fat from myelin

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18
Q

what is hyeprdense on CT

A

bone and fresh blood

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19
Q

what will isodense or hypodense blood show

A

isodense it has been 1 week

hypodense it has been 2-3 weeks

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20
Q

lens shaped bleed in cranium does not cross suture lines

A

epidural

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21
Q

crescent shaped, crosses suture lines is what type bleed

A

subdural

22
Q

common area and cause of intraparenchymal/intracerebral hemorrhage

A

basal ganglia

HTN

23
Q

pneumonic for how to read CT

A

Blood Can Be Very Bad

Blood, Cisterna, Brain, Ventricles, Bones

24
Q

what is a cistern

A

opening in subarachnoid space of brain from separation of arachnoid from pia mater

25
Q

4 key cisterns

A

circummesencephalic, suprasellar, quadrigeminal, sylvian

26
Q

2 main questions when evaluating cisterns

A

blood and if cisterns are open

27
Q

when exammining brain on CT

A

symmetry
grey white differentiation
shift
hyper/hypodensity

28
Q

earlies sign of CVA on CT

A

loss of gey-white interface on CT

compare side to side

29
Q

What is a shift in brain

A

falx is not on midline

30
Q

areas of tumor ischemia appear what color on CT

A

black, hypodense

31
Q

what implies open fracture

A

epidural bleed with pocket of air!!

32
Q

if temporal horns dilated

A

hydrocephalus

33
Q

what is ring enhancing lesion

A

mass with VESSEL proliferation

34
Q

what can cause a ring enhancng lesion

A

abscess
glioblastoma
metastasis

35
Q

What are types of neuroangiography

A

doppler US
spiral CT angiography
MRA

36
Q

imaging of choice to detect vessel narrowing, thrombosis and dissection

A

MRA

37
Q

what maye myelin in CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

38
Q

What is neuropil

A

the pink area on H&E stain

it represents axons, dendrites and extracellular fluid

39
Q

what stain can you see axons and dendrites

A

silver stain

“bielshowsky”

40
Q

what are the layers of the neoCx

A 
molecular
external granular
external pyramidal
internal granular
internal pyramidal
multiform
41
Q

what are the parts of the cerebral Cx

A

archiCx
paleoCx
neoCx

42
Q

role of archiCx

A

connects limbic system to the Cx

43
Q

role of paleoCx

A

linked to olfactory Sx

44
Q

Nissl body

A

large granules of RER with rosettes of free ribosomes
sites of protein synthesis
foynd in neurons

45
Q

what is central chromatolysis

A

when the nissl bodies all migrate to periphery

1st change after an axon is severed

46
Q

anoxic neurons

A

injured neurons that shrink and become eosinosphilic from dense mitochondria
nuclei turn pyknotic

47
Q

what conditions cause irreversible neuronal injury

A

hypoxia ischemia and hypoglycemia

48
Q

GFAP + stain

A

astrocytes

49
Q

what is the glia limitans

A

thick layer of interdigitatin astrocytes on surface of Cx

50
Q

what forms scar tissue in CNS

A

astrocytes

51
Q

What are alzheimer type II astrocytes

A

in acute metabolic disorders
astrocytes enlarge
nuclei large and clear(vacuoles) with H&E stain

Year 2 neuro exam 1 (23 decks)

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