Path I Flashcards
what is the timecourse for vascular neuro path
sec to minutes
what is timecourse for abscess in neuro
hours days
what is timecourse for neoplasms in neuro
weeks to months
what is timecourse for degenerative disease
months years decades
how does neuro MS present
relapse and remission over years
toxic causes for neuro path
drugs endocrine, electrolytes, nutritional, organ failure
acute diffuse symmetrical sx in neuro is usually what
viral, metabolic or toxic
pain in neuro are usually what srtuctures
meninges and vessels have pain fibers
gray matter pathophys characteristic
cognitive loss, movement disorders or seizures
white matter presentation
motor sensory visual or cerebellar
progressive symmetric loss is usually
metabolic or degenerative
head and limb defects on opposite sides is usually what location lesion
brainstem
what imaging is used in neuroradiology
CT MRI and angiography
What imaging is prefferedin emergencie neuro situations
CT because fast and can see fresh blood and skull fractures
what color will the subcut fat of scalp be
near black
what color is CSF on CT
black- hypodense
what is “isodense” on CT
fat from myelin
what is hyeprdense on CT
bone and fresh blood
what will isodense or hypodense blood show
isodense it has been 1 week
hypodense it has been 2-3 weeks
lens shaped bleed in cranium does not cross suture lines
epidural
crescent shaped, crosses suture lines is what type bleed
subdural
common area and cause of intraparenchymal/intracerebral hemorrhage
basal ganglia
HTN
pneumonic for how to read CT
Blood Can Be Very Bad
Blood, Cisterna, Brain, Ventricles, Bones
what is a cistern
opening in subarachnoid space of brain from separation of arachnoid from pia mater
4 key cisterns
circummesencephalic, suprasellar, quadrigeminal, sylvian
2 main questions when evaluating cisterns
blood and if cisterns are open
when exammining brain on CT
symmetry
grey white differentiation
shift
hyper/hypodensity
earlies sign of CVA on CT
loss of gey-white interface on CT
compare side to side
What is a shift in brain
falx is not on midline
areas of tumor ischemia appear what color on CT
black, hypodense
what implies open fracture
epidural bleed with pocket of air!!
if temporal horns dilated
hydrocephalus
what is ring enhancing lesion
mass with VESSEL proliferation
what can cause a ring enhancng lesion
abscess
glioblastoma
metastasis
What are types of neuroangiography
doppler US
spiral CT angiography
MRA
imaging of choice to detect vessel narrowing, thrombosis and dissection
MRA
what maye myelin in CNS
oligodendrocytes
What is neuropil
the pink area on H&E stain
it represents axons, dendrites and extracellular fluid
what stain can you see axons and dendrites
silver stain
“bielshowsky”
what are the layers of the neoCx
molecular external granular external pyramidal internal granular internal pyramidal multiform
what are the parts of the cerebral Cx
archiCx
paleoCx
neoCx
role of archiCx
connects limbic system to the Cx
role of paleoCx
linked to olfactory Sx
Nissl body
large granules of RER with rosettes of free ribosomes
sites of protein synthesis
foynd in neurons
what is central chromatolysis
when the nissl bodies all migrate to periphery
1st change after an axon is severed
anoxic neurons
injured neurons that shrink and become eosinosphilic from dense mitochondria
nuclei turn pyknotic
what conditions cause irreversible neuronal injury
hypoxia ischemia and hypoglycemia
GFAP + stain
astrocytes
what is the glia limitans
thick layer of interdigitatin astrocytes on surface of Cx
what forms scar tissue in CNS
astrocytes
What are alzheimer type II astrocytes
in acute metabolic disorders
astrocytes enlarge
nuclei large and clear(vacuoles) with H&E stain
