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Year 2 neuro exam 1 > Path IX > Flashcards

Path IX Flashcards

1
Q

bacterial meningitis can cause what in veins

A

thrombosis in vein or sinuses

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2
Q

common agents in viral encephalitis

A

arboviruses
CMV
Herpes
HIV

rabies
polyomavirus

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3
Q

which viruses have intranuclear inclusions for viral encephalitis

A

CMV and herpes

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4
Q

signs herpes encephalitis

A 
HA
fever
neck stiffness
drowsiness
coma
focal neurologic signs
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5
Q

prognosis herpes encephalitis

A

usually fatal, rapid course

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6
Q

which area of brain first affected by herpes encephalitis

A

frontal and temporal lobes

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7
Q

prognosis herpes encephalitis with Tx

A

25-50% still die

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8
Q

sequelae of herpes encephalitis

A

behavioral abnormalities, memory disturbances, other neurologic deficits of varying severity

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9
Q

gross picture of brain with herpes encephalitis

A

redness on brain
usually bottom of brain
loss of definition of grey and white matter

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10
Q

chromatin pushed to side of nucleus because of inclusion

A

herpes encephalitis

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11
Q

herpes destroys what brain tissue

A

parenchyma
attacks microglia
form multinucleated giant cells

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12
Q

HSV causes what in neonate

A

necrotizing encephalitis that cause diffuse melt down of brain
No primary favoritism to temporal and frontal lobes

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13
Q

neonate MRI with CMV

A

periventricular calcifications
ventriculomegaly
abnormal gyri
microcephaly

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14
Q

rabies is carried in what animals

A

foxes, raccoons, skunk, bats and dogs

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15
Q

incubation period for rabies

A

10 days to a year

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16
Q

signs rabies

A

HA fever malaise and difficulty swallowing

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17
Q

progression rabies

A

stupor coma and death

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18
Q

negri bodies

A

rabies

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19
Q

what are negri bodies

A

proteins made by rabies virus

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20
Q

exposed to bats in cave and hace HA fever malaise

A

rabies encephalitis

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21
Q

what causes Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

A

JC or BK virus
JC brain
BK urinary tract

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22
Q

PML infection in humans

A

asymptomatic alot
can have reactivation and cause damage to white matter
infects and destroys oligodendrocytes

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23
Q

signs PML

A

dysarthria, limb weakness, visual disturbances, ataxia, personality changes, and occasionally seizures

24
Q

prognosis PML

A

fatal

25
Q

Tx PML

A

Tx underlying imumunosuppression

26
Q

what will histo fof brain look like that had PML

A

grey matter okay

white matter destroyed

27
Q

does PML have intranuclear viral particles

A

yes

also has giant nucleus

28
Q

SSPE

A

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

29
Q

SSPE is caused by what

A

measles

delayed response

30
Q

SSPE damages what brain tissue

A

grey and white matter

31
Q

what fungal organism causes meningitis

A

cryptococcal meningitis

32
Q

TB patient with pneumonia, also has neuro Sx

A

Mycobacterium TB or MAC

base of brain

33
Q

cryptococcis disseminates how

A

from lung

34
Q

cryptococcis causes what in breain

A

meningitis with or without parenchymal cysts

35
Q

cryptococcomas

A

abscess

36
Q

stain for cryptococcis

A

india ink stain

37
Q

histo cryptococcosis

A

cysts in grey and white matter

38
Q

CSF cryptococcosis

A

gelatinous capsule cause dilatation in virchow robbin space

2-3x astrocyte

39
Q

presentation cryptococcal meningitis

A

immunocompromised individual

40
Q

what neuro signs can be caused by TB

A

meningeal signs and CN palsies
basal meningitis
granular meningeal surface

41
Q

paraplegia of Potts disease

A

spinal epidural TB

42
Q

lesions in TB in brain

A

pus at base of brain

ring lesions from tuberculoma!!!, shift of parenchyma

43
Q

stain for TB

A

acid fast

44
Q

types of cellular lesions in TB

A

caseous granulomas from macrophages

45
Q

what can cause cerebral abscess

A

bacterial- wound infection
fungal
protozoal: toxoplasmosis and amoebic abscess

46
Q

signs of cerebral abscess

A

HA fever seizures and focal signs

47
Q

direct extension cause of cerebral abscess

A

trauma and surgery

48
Q

hematogenous causes of cerebral abscess

A

endocarditis

other infections

49
Q

the pus in cerebral abscesses will have what WBC present

A

neutrophils

50
Q

why do antibiotics not work on TB brain abscess

A

thin wall fibrosis of gliosis around pus

51
Q

infection of toxoplasmosis forms where

A

anterior lobes if from frontal sinus

temporal lobes if from mastitis or ear infection

52
Q

multifocal toxoplasmosis lesions spread how

A

hematogenous

53
Q

toxo is spread how

A

cat feces

54
Q

when is toxo activated

A

when host is immunocompromised

55
Q

cluster of large circles with many little inclusions inside

A

toxo

56
Q

stain for toxo

A

IHC

Year 2 neuro exam 1 (23 decks)

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