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Deck of Secret Knowledge > Pharm: Hema and Dyslipidsmia > Flashcards

Pharm: Hema and Dyslipidsmia Flashcards

0
Q

What is the triad for aspirin hypersensitivity?

A

Samter Triad or Aspirin triad
Asthma / aspirin exacerbated resp dse
Aspirin sensitivity
Nasal polyps / non allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia

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1
Q

Expected acid-base abnormality in aspirin intoxication

A

Respiratory alkalosis with HAGMA

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2
Q

Antidote to streptokinase

A

Aminocaproic acid

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3
Q

Two MOAs of dipyramidole?

A

Inhibits phophodiesterase
Inhibit endothelial uptake of adenosine

Both lead to increased cAMP and decreased platelet aggregation

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5
Q

This drug acts as an agonist of erythropoietin receptors expressed by red cell progenitors.

A

Epoietin alfa

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6
Q

When using erythropoietin stimulating agents, Hg levels should be maintained < ___.

A

12 g/dL

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7
Q

Iron chelator which is used in acquired hemochromatosis. Toxicities include neurotoxicity and increased susceptibility to infections.

A

Deferoxamine

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8
Q

Myeloid growth factor that acts through a distinct GM-CSF receptor to stimulate proliferation and differentiation of early and late granulocytic progenitor cells, and erythroid and megakaryocyte progenitors.

A

Sargramostim (GM-CSF)

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9
Q

This drug stimulates the growth of primitive megakaryocytic progenitors and increases the number of platelets.

A

Oprevelkin

IL-11

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10
Q

Necrotizing gastroenteritis, shock and metabolic acidosis are manifestations of toxicity with ___.

A

Iron

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11
Q

What is the MOA of the following drugs used in coagulation disorders?

  1. Rivaroxaban
  2. Abciximab
  3. Tenecteplase
  4. Ticlopidine
A
  1. Direct factor Xa inhibitor
    Rivaro-Xa-BAN!
  2. Monoclonal antibody against glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
  3. Tissue plasminogen activator
  4. ADP receptor inhibitor
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12
Q

Which form of Vitamin K is given to reverse warfarin toxicity?

A

Vitamin K1

Phytonadione

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13
Q

The heparin-antithrombin complex inhibits which factors.

A

Thrombin

Factor V, VIII, XI

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14
Q

Coumarins inhibit which enzyme.

A

Epoxide reductase

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15
Q

T/F. aPTT is used to monitor response to heparin and LMWH

A

False. The aPTT test does NOT reliably measure the anticoagulant effect of LMWH and fondaparinux.

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16
Q

Antidote for heparin toxicity

A

Protamine sulfate

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17
Q

This drug class is used in anticoagulation of patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

A

Direct thrombin inhibitors

Lepirudin, Dabigatran

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18
Q

What is the MOA of prasugrel?

A

ADP receptor antagonist

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19
Q

This antiplatelet is contraindicated in CHF and may cause headache and palpitations. What is its MOA?

A

Dipyridamole

MOA: Inhibit adenosine uptake and inhibit phosphodiesterase

20
Q

What is the MOA of tranexamic acid?

A

They inhibit fibrinolysis by inhibiting plasminogen activation.

21
Q

This drug used to lower lipid levels can paradoxically raise LDL levels in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia.

A

Fibrates

22
Q

This drug used to lower lipid levels can paradoxically raise VLDL and triglycerides levels in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia.

A

Resins

23
Q

MAJOR MOA of fibrates

A

Inhibit hormone-sensitive lipase

decreases triglyceride levels

24
Q

Statins inhibit which reaction in fatty acid metabolism

A

HMG-CoA (HMG-CoA reductase) > mevalonate

25
Q

Most common adverse effect with all members of the fibric acid derivatives subgroup?

A

Nausea

26
Q

This drug used to lower lipid levels increase risk of cholesterol gallstones.

A

Niacin

27
Q

Which drug class is most effective in modifying the levels of:

  1. Triglycerides
  2. HDL
  3. LDL
A
  1. Fibrates
  2. Niacin
  3. Statins
28
Q

MOA of fibrates?

A

PPAR-a agonist

29
Q

MOA of ezetimibe?

A

Reduces intestinal uptake of cholesterol by inhibiting sterol transporter

30
Q

Which drug used to lower lipid levels is also used to relieve pruritus in patients with cholestatic jaundice?

A

Bile-acid binding resins

Colestipol

31
Q

What is the MOA of probenecid?

A

Inhibits renal reuptake of uric acid (uricosuric agent).

32
Q

Probenecid decreases the serum concentration of uric acid while increasing the concentration of another weak acid, penicillin. Explain!

A

Probenecid competes with uric acid for the transporter that causes its reuptake, facilitating its excretion. On the other hand, it competes with penicillin for the transporter that will secrete the drug into urine.

33
Q

How is aspirin different from the other NSAIDs?

A

It binds to COX irreversibly.

34
Q

This is a recombinant protein that binds to TNF and prevents its inflammatory effects.

A

Etanercept

35
Q

COX-2 inhibitors reduce gastric side effects but increase risk of thrombosis. Explain!

A
  1. COX-2 does not inhibit COX-1 which secretes gastroprotective prostaglandins.
  2. It increases risk of thrombosis because it inhibits prostacyclin more than thromboxane synthesis.
36
Q

Gold compounds are used in rheumatoid arthritis. It is effective because it interferes with the function of which inflammatory cell.

A

Macrophages

37
Q

This drug causes inhibition of microtubule assembly decreasing migration and phagocytosis.

A

Colchicine

38
Q

Reversible inhibitor of xanthine oxidase

A

Febuxostat

Allopurinol is an IRREVERSIBLE inhibitor.

39
Q

Half-life of acetaminophen?

A

2 hrs. Hence, its q4 dosing

40
Q

Effects of alcohol on lipid profile

A

Increase HDL
Increase triglyceride
Increase VLDL

41
Q

Least potent of the statins

A

Fluvastatin

42
Q

Absorption of Vitamin K, dietary folates, and some drugs including thiazides, and warfarin is impaired by intake of this lipid-lowering drug.

A

Resins

Cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam

43
Q

Heparin or warfarin?

  1. Site of action: liver
  2. Activity measured by PT
  3. Rapid onset of action
  4. Antidote: Vitamin K1
A
  1. Warfarin
  2. Warfarin
  3. Heparin
  4. Warfarin
44
Q

This antiplatelet drug is no longer commonly used because of high risk of bleeding, neutropenia and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

A

Ticlopidine

45
Q

Lipid lowering drug used in the treatment of phytosterolemia.

A

Ezetimibe

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