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Deck of Secret Knowledge > Anat: Back, Neck and Thorax > Flashcards

Anat: Back, Neck and Thorax Flashcards

0
Q

Which spinothalamic tract carries pain and temperature?

A

Lateral

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1
Q

How does one differentiate between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and subacute combined degeneration caused by vit B12?

A

AML has NO sensory loss only UMN and LMN motor components of the SC. SCD has degeneration of BOTH posterior and lateral (corticospinal tract) columns resulting in a mixed sensory and motor deficits.

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2
Q

All smooth muscles are derived from the splanchnic mesoderm EXCEPT:

A

Somatic mesoderm: blood vessels of the body wall

Ectoderm: The smooth muscles of the iris and the myoepithelial glands

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3
Q

What Cervical fascial layer is the false capsule of the thyroid from?

A

Pre tracheal layer

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4
Q

What is the only infrahyoid muscle NOT innervated by the ansa cervicalis?

A

Thyrohyoid

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5
Q

What are the anterior and posterior boundaries of the Retropharyngeal space?

A

Buccopharyngeal facia and the pre vertebral facscia. The space extends from the base of skull to the posterior mediastinum!

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6
Q

What Cervical fascial layer forms the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Pre vertebral layer

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7
Q

What are the contents of the carotid sheath?

A

ICA, IJV, vagus and deep cervical LN.

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8
Q

Which among the cricoarytenoids has the same function as the transverse arytenoid?

A

Closes the glottis like the posterior cricoarytenoids.

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9
Q

What laryngeal muscle has the opposite effect as the thyroarytenoids?

A

Cricothyroids as they are responsible for tensing the vocal ligaments.

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10
Q

Anterior radicular artery of segments T9-T13; usually found on the L side of the body

A

Artery of Adamkiewicz

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11
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

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12
Q

How many intervertebral discs are there?

A
  1. No IV disc between C1 and C2, sacrum, coccyx.
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13
Q

2 point discrimination is a function of which ascending tract

A

Dorsal or posterior column

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14
Q

Which ascending or descending pathway is affected with initial stages of syringomyelia

A

Spinothalamic

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15
Q

Muscles of mastication are derived from which pharyngeal arch

A

First

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16
Q

Which demifacet of the head of the rib attaches to the vertebra of the same angle as the rib?

A

The inferior one.

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17
Q

Scalene tubercle is to 1st rib as the serratus anterior tubercle is to?

A

2nd rib

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18
Q

What layers does one have to pass through upon starting pericardiocentesis in the xiphocostal angle?

A

Skin fascia – rectus sheath rectus muscle – fibrous pericardium –serous pericardium
AND PRESTO! You are in the pericardial space!

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19
Q

Which vein travels with the anterior IV artery?

A

Great cardiac vein

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20
Q

That are the 5 vessels that open onto the right atrium?

A

IVC SVC Coronary sinus
Venis cordae minimae
Anterior cardiac v

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21
Q

Where can trabecuale carnae be found?

A

R and L ventricles

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22
Q

What part of the wart tube primordia gives rise to both the conus areteriosus and the aortic vestibule of the left ventricle?

A

Bulbus cordis

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23
Q

Give the path of unoxygenated blood in the fetus.

A 
SVC
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary trunk
Ductus areteriosus
Aorta
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24
Q

Enlargement of what portion of the heart results in distortion if the carina?

A

Left atrium

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25
Q

Enumerate what areas a foreign body is likely to be lodged in:

  1. Sitting/ standing
  2. Supine
  3. Lying on right side
  4. Lying on left side
A
  1. Posterior basal BPS of the right lower lobe
  2. Superior BPS if the right lower lobe
  3. Posterior BPS of the right upper lobe
  4. Inferior lingular BPS of the left upper lobe
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26
Q

Where do bronchial veins of the lung drain?

A

Azygous and hemizygous veins

While pulmo veins drain into the left atrium

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27
Q

Where do bronchial arteries for the lung arise from?

A

The descending thoracic aorta

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28
Q

Where does one insert a needle for a thoracentesis? What layers are traversed?

A

8th ICS MAL. Skin superficial fascia ex IC, int IC, innermost IC, thoracic cavity.

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29
Q

Where does one insert a needle for IJV catheterization?

A

At the apex of triangle formed by the 2 heads of the SCM and clavicle on the right side

30
Q

The nipple can usually be found at what ICS?

A

4th

31
Q

How many deciduous teeth are there?

A

20

4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 molars / jaw

32
Q

All pharyngeal muscles are innervated by the pharyngeal plexus except ___. What is its action and innervation?

A

Stylopharyngeus.
Elevates larynx during swelling.
CN IX.

33
Q

What are the three boundaries of the thoracic inlet?

A

Posterior: T1
Lateral: medial first rib
Anterior: manubrium

34
Q

What three muscles of the thoracic wall depress the ribs and help in flexed expiration?

A

Internal intercostal
Transversus thoracis
Serratus posterior inferioris

35
Q

Where is the apex beat?

A

5th ICS, 9 cm (3.5 in) from the midline

36
Q

The superior thyroid artery is usually accompanied by which nerve?

A

External laryngeal nerve

37
Q

What is the posterior most chamber of the heart

A

Left atrium

38
Q

The right atrium receives 5 openings. What are they?

A 
SVC
IVX
Anterior cardiac vein
Venae cordis minimis
Middle cardiac vein
39
Q

Which vein accompanies the posterior inter ventricular artery?

A

Middle cardiac vein

40
Q

Substernal pain in angina pectoris may be referred to which dermatomes?

A

T1 - T5

41
Q

Most common site of occlusion in MI?

A

Anterior interventricular artery

42
Q

This chamber characterized by the presence of the moderator band

A

Right ventricle

43
Q

Which veins drain into the coronary sinus?

A

Great cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein

44
Q

The AV node delays conduction by how long.

A

0.11 sec

45
Q

The right coronary artery is derived from ___.

A

Anterior aortic sinus

46
Q

What is the normal heart rate according to Snell?

A

70 - 90 bpm

47
Q

What artery supplies the SA node?

A

RCA in 65%, LCA in 35%

48
Q

The origin of this artery determines whether the heart is right or left side dominant.

A

Posterior interventricular artery

49
Q

The primitive ventricle gives rise to the ___ while the bulbus cordis becomes the ___.

A

Left ventricle;

Right ventricle

50
Q

Most common type of CHD

A

VSD

51
Q

Most common cause of cyanotic CHD

A

Transposition of the great arteries

52
Q

Trace the pathway for oxygenated blood in the fetus starting from the umbilical vein and ending in the aorta.

A

Umbilical vein > ductus venosus >
IVC > R atrium > for amen ovale >
L atrium > L ventricle > aorta

53
Q

Trace the pathway for oxygenated blood in the fetus starting from the SVC and ending in the aorta.

A

SVC > RA > RV > pulmonary trunk >

Ductus arteriosus > aorta

54
Q

Ductus arteriosus connects which two structures. Be specific.

A

Arch of the aorta

Left pulmonary artery

55
Q

What is the diameter of the respiratory bronchiole?

A

0.5 mm

56
Q

The costal line of the pleural reflection passes obliquely across which ribs in the MCL, MAL and the vertebral column margin?

A

MCL: 8th rib
MAL: 10th rib
Vert: 12th rib

57
Q

The lower margin of lungs crosses which ribs in the MCL, MAL and the vertebral column margin?

A

MCL: 6th rib
MAL: 8th rib
VC: 10th rib

58
Q

The visceral pleura is not sensitive to pain but is sensitive to __.

A

Stretch

59
Q

The apex of the lung can go as far as ___ cm above the clavicle

A

2.5

60
Q

What are the segments of the right lung?

A

Superior lobe: apical, post, ant
Middle lobe: medial, lateral
Lower lobe: sup, ant basal, med basal, lat basal, post basal

61
Q

Site of auscultation of the middle lobe?

A

Anterior chest wall near sternum, inferior to the right 4th costal cartilage

62
Q

How long and wide is the trachea?

A
  1. 5 cm in diameter (1 in)

11. 25 cm long (4.5 in)

63
Q 
Where will the foreign body lodge in a patient that is:
A. Sitting / standing
B. Supine
C. Lying on the right side
D. Lying on the left side
A

A. R lower lobe; posterior basal
B. R lower lobe; superior
C. R upper lobe; posterior
D. L upper lobe; inferior lingular

64
Q

In thoracentesis, the needle is passed through which ICS

A

9th ICS

65
Q

Branches of the first part of subclavian

A

Vertebral
Thyrocervical
Internal thoracic

66
Q

What are the branches of the costocervical trunk?

A

Superior intercostal - supplies 1st and 2nd ribs

Deep cervical - deep muscles of the back

67
Q

The azygos vein is formed by the union of:

A

R ascending lumbar and

R Subcostal vein

68
Q

What structures pass through the caval hiatus of the diaphragm? Esophageal? Aortic?

A

Caval: IVC, R phrenic n
Esophageal: esophagus, vagus n,
esophageal branch of the L gastric, lymphatics from lower third of esophagus
Aortic: aorta, thoracic duct, azygos

69
Q

What are the boundaries of the breast?

A

Lateral: midaxillary line
Medial: sternum
Superior: 2nd rib
Inferior: 6th rib

70
Q

What are the terminal branches of the internal thoracic artery?

A

Superior epigastric a
Musculophrenic area

It ends in the 6th ICS.

71
Q

The coronary sinus is a continuation of which vein

A

Great cardiac vein

72
Q

Most laterally placed structure in the mediastinum

A

Thoracic sympathetic trunk

Deck of Secret Knowledge (57 decks)

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