Microbiology and Parasitology Flashcards
Most common cause of septicemia in children with sickle cell disease.
Salmonella cholerasuis
What is the most common cause of cor pulmonale in Filipino children?
Schistosoma japonicum
Name 5 catalase-(+) organisms. Name condition which predisposes patients to infections with these pathogens.
Mnemonic: SPACE. Staphylococcus Pseudomonas Aspergillus Candida Enterobacter
Chronic granulomatous disease
Bacillus anthracis/cereus.
Which is an obligate aerobe?
Which is a facultative anaerobe?
B. cereus is an obligate aerobe.
B. anthracis is a facultative anaerobe.
Staphylococcus aureus would exhibit which pattern of hemolysis on blood agar? What is the characteristic appearance of the colonies?
B-hemolytic.
Yellow or golden colonies
Causes of heterophil-negative mononucleosis
Toxoplasma
CMV
Most common cause of CNSi in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii
Red tide occurs during which months.
All months without R
May, June, July, August
Reiter’s syndrome associated with which infections.
Chlamydia trachomatis - most common Ureaplasma urealyticum Salmonella Shigella Yersinia Campylobacter
Filipinos are most prone to this fungal infection
Coccidioides imitis
What cell is made immortal by EBV, making it one of the most oncogenic human viruses
B cell
Which is the more common hookworm in our country?
Necator americanus
A gardener pricked his finger on rose thorn and contracted a fungal infection. What is the characteristic finding on biopsy?
Asteroid body.
Sporotrichosis.
Most common cause of meningoencephalitis in HIV
Cryptococcus neoformans
Most common AIDS-defining illness
Pneumocystis jirovecii
- Esophageal candidiasis
- Wasting syndrome / Kaposi sarcoma
Superficial fungal infection that causes dark brown to black painless patches on the soles of the hands and feet
Tinea nigra
Exophiala werneckii
Most common viral cause of mental retardation
CMV
2nd smallest DNA virus
1st?
2nd: papovavirus
1st: parvovirus
Only DNA virus to use reverse transcriptase with mRNA as a template
Hepa b
Disease entity with obstructive jaundice and painful pharyngitis
Halzoun due to fasciola hepatica
Where does primary replication of acute varicella occur?
Liver and spleen.
Dorsal root ganglion are affected in later and latent disease.
All enveloped viruses acquire their envelope from the plasma membrane except:
Herpesvirus
All viruses are haploid except:
Retroviruses
Roseola is caused by:
Human herpesvirus 6
Helminth with a Chinese lantern like egg
Trichuris trichuria
What helminth passes through the lungs to enter the GI tract?
Necator
Ancyclostoma
Strongyloides
Skin-Circulation-Lungs-pharynx-GI tract
Most common cause of corneal blindness in the US.
Treatment?
HSV1 keratitis.
Trifluridine
Protected by host derived nurse cells in skeletal muscle
Trichenella spiralis
Most common cause of aseptic meningitis
Enteroviruses (coxsackie, echo, polio, hepatitis A)
Negative strand RNA viruses
Always bring polymerase or fail replication.
Arenavirus Bunyavirus Paramyxoviridae Orthomyxoviridae Filovirus Rhabdovirus
Only known acute transforming virus that is non-defective
Rous sarcoma virus
Most common cause of epidemic encephalitis
Japanese B virus
Mechanism of the following toxins:
- Shiga
- Heat labile enterotoxin
- Heat stable enterotoxin
- Pseudomonas exotoxin A
1 and 4 have a similar mechanism.
Inhibit protein synthesis by inactivating 60s.
Adenine removed from rRNA
Shiga ako! Alis adenine!
HL activates cAMP to increase chloride secretion
HS activates cGMP to decrease resorption
Labile in the Air, Stable in the Ground
Mechanism of toxins
- Cholera
- Pertussis
Both over activate adenylyl cyclase
- Causes activation of Gs; Cause Cl secretion
- Causes inactivation of Gi; impairs phagocytosis
Which staphylococcus species is beta hemolytic?
Staph aureus
PYR test is positive for these two organisms
Streptococcus pyogenes
Group D
Mechanism of toxin action
B cereus HS vs HL
HS enterotoxin
ADP ribosylation to increase cAMP
HL exotoxin
Super antigen
H flu requires factor x and factor v? What are these factors?
Factor V: NAD+
Factor X: Hemin
