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Deck of Secret Knowledge > Biochem: Vitamins > Flashcards

Biochem: Vitamins Flashcards

0
Q 
What co enzyme is needed for 
1 aminotransferase reactions ALT AST
2 ala synthase FOR HEME
3 cystathionine synthase for cysteine formation
4 niacin syntheses from trp?
5 also for histamine, NE, epi, GABA
A

Vitamin B6

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1
Q

What vitamin is required to turn homocysteine back to methionine? To turn it into cysteine?

A

Met: B12 and Folic acid
Cys: B6

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2
Q

Folic acid uses– Give the end products:
1 THF + Formate
2 THF + Histidine, Serine and Formaldehyde

A

1 purine

2 thymidine

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3
Q

Which vitamin for:
1 Formation methionine from homocysteine
2 Succinyl CoA from fatty acids

A

Vitamin B12

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4
Q

Element in the middle of cobalamin

A

Cobalt

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5
Q

Sore spongy gums, loose teeth, fragile vessels, anemia swollen joints

Deficiency in?

A

Vit C

Scurvy

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6
Q

What drug forms an inactive derivative with pyridoxal phosphate?

A

INH

So supplements B6 in TB tx

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7
Q

What is needed as cofactors with
1 alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase
2 transketolase reactions from HMP shunt

A

Vit B1

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8
Q

Wernicke’s enceph, korsakoff and beriberi from deficiency of?

A

B1 thiamine

Recall that low thiamine means low ATP

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9
Q

Polished rice and chronic alcoholism will cause?

A

Thiamine deficiency

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10
Q

Diarrhea dermatitis and dementia are seen in which deficiency?

A

Niacin B3
Pellagra

Also used for tx of increased VLDL AND LDL

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11
Q

Hartnup disease
Carcinoid syndrome
INH use
Vit B6 deficiency

Results in which vitamin deficiency?

A

Niacin

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12
Q

Dermatitis cheiloais and glossitis are symptoms of what deficiency?

A

B2 Riboflavin

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13
Q

A bodybuilder fond of boiled eggs develops glossitis, dermatitis and loss of apetite is deficient in?

A

Biotin

Needed for carboxylation reactions

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14
Q

Vitamin used by fatty acid synthase

A

Pantothenate B5

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15
Q

What form of vitamin a is used for vision?

A

Retinal

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16
Q

What results in dry pruritic skin, increased ICP, cirrhosis liver?

A

Vitamin A toxicity

17
Q

What results in nyctalopia, xerophthalmia, impotence and growth retardation?

A

Vita deficiency

18
Q

What causes soft pliable bones in children and demineralized bones in adults?

A

Rickets and osteomalacia. Vit D deficiency

19
Q

What is phylloquinone, menaquinone and menadione?

A

Vit k forms
Plants
bacteria
synthetic

20
Q

The formation of gamma carboxyglutamaye that is vital to activation of blood clotting factors 2, 7, 9 and 10 is inhibited by?

A

Dicumarol

Warfarin

21
Q

Bleeding with hypoprothrombinemia secondary to 2nd gen cephalosporins and malnourishment may be treated with?

A

Vit K

22
Q

Protein C and S require which vitamin?

A

Vitamin K

23
Q

Most toxic fat soluble vit?

Least toxic?

A

Vit. D

Vit. E

24
Q

B3 excess causes?

A

Flushing. It’s niacin!

25
Q

What is the most important effect of B5 deficiency?

A

Adrenal insufficiency!

26
Q

What hematologic abnormality is results from B6 deficiency?

A

Sideroblastic anemia

27
Q

Intake of phenytoin, methotrexate and sulfonamides may result in deficiency of?

A

B9 Folic acid

28
Q

Low epinephrine may be seen in low SAM levels due to deficiency in which vitamins?

A

B12 and B6

29
Q

Dopamine to NE requires which vitamin?

A

Vit. C!

30
Q

Which water soluble vitamins can cause toxicity in high doses?

A

B6: >2g day, CNS toxicity

B12

31
Q

Which vitamin is a constituent of Coenzyme A

A

B5

32
Q

What are the three carboxylation reactions where biotin is a cofactor?

A

Pyruvate carboxylase
Acetyl CoA carboxylase
Proprionyl CoA carboxylase

33
Q

Vitamin used in AA transamination

A

Vit. B6

34
Q

Form of vitamin A used in vision?

A

Retinal

35
Q

all Trans retinoids acid ATRA may be used for?

A

Acute promyelocytic leukemia

36
Q

What are the 3 morphological disturbances in the anterior eye related to vit a deficiency

A

Bitot spots
Keratomalacia
Corneal ulcer

37
Q 
Craniotabes
Frontal bossing
Harrison groove
Pigeon breast deformity
Genu varum and lumbar lordosis
are seen in which vitamin deficiency?
A

D

Also Rachitic rosary

38
Q

Renal calculi is due to deficiency of which vitamin?

Due to toxicity of which vitamins

A

Def A keratin debris

Tox of C uric acid and D calcium stones

39
Q

What vitamin is used by methyl malonyl mutase for odd number beta oxidation of FA?

A

B12

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