Pedia: GI Flashcards
Indications for endoscopy in foreign body ingestion
Sharp objects
Disc button batteries
(+) respiratory symptoms
Most common form of esophageal atresia
Type A.
EA + distal fistula
Water soluble contrast enemas are both diagnostic and therapeutic in:
Intussusception
Characteristic metabolic abnormality in pyloric stenosis
Hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
Ultrasound is confirmatory in pyloric stenosis. What are sonographic cut-offs for this condition:
Pyloric thickness > 4mm
Length > 14mm
2 mo old male noted to vomit after every feeding for the last week. Vomitus was non bilious. PE revealed movable olive shaped mass in the epigastric area. A barium enema was done. What results does one expect? What is the treatment of choice?
Shoulder sign and double track sign.
Ramstedt pyloromyotomy for pyloric stenosis
Triad of Volvulus
Sudden onset severe epigastric pain
Inability to pass tube into stomach
Retching with emesis
Most commonly involved gut segment in Volvulus
Sigmoid colon
Most frequent congenital GI anomaly
Meckel diverticulum
Currarino triad of Hirschsprung Disease
Anorectal malformation
Sacral bone anomalies
Pre sacral masses
Most common cause of intestinal obstruction from age 3 mos to 6 yrs
Intussusception
Intussusception is associated with which viral infection
Adenovirus
When is a stool culture indicated in gastroenteritis?
- HUS suspect
- Bloody diarrhea
- Stool with fecal leukocytes
- Outbreak
- Immune compromised
What is the treatment for cholera?
Supportive care.
In severe cases,
TMP-SMX (age <8y)
Tetra/doxycycline (adults)
Normal stool output of an infant
5 - 10 g/kg
Hemorrhage in pancreatitis is due to the action of which pancreatic enzyme.
Elastase digests blood vessel walls
Abdominal X-ray findings in pancreatitis
- Sentinel loop
- Dilated transverse colon
- Ileus
- Blurring of left psoas margin
- Peripancreatic extra luminal gas bubbles
Treatment of choice for shigella dysentery
TMP-SMX (US)
Quinolones in developing countries
On hepatitis C transmission
- Most common route
- Second most common
- Most prevalent for children
- Blood transfusion
- Sexual transmission
- Perinatal transmission
First clinical evidence of infection
High ALT (6-7 wks after exposure)
Most valuable single market of acute hepatitis b infection
Anti-HBc
First serologic marker to appear in hepatitis B infection
HBsAg
Marker of active replication in hepatitis B
HBeAg
Which marker is elevated in patients who were immunized with hep B vaccine?
Anti-HBs
What is the osmolarity of the who rehydration solution? Na? Glucose?
245 mOsm/L
75 mEq Na, glucose
