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Deck of Secret Knowledge > Anat: Abdomen And Pelvis > Flashcards

Anat: Abdomen And Pelvis Flashcards

0
Q

Which layer of the abdominal wall gives rise to

  1. Dartos muscle
  2. Cremaster muscle
  3. Tunics vaginalis
A
  1. Superficial fascia
  2. Internal oblique
  3. Peritoneum
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1
Q

What are the borders of the inguinal canal?

A

Ant EOM aponeurosis
Post transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon
Superior IO and transversus abdominis
Inferior inguinal ligament

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2
Q

Give the boundaries of the foramen of Winslow.

A

Ant hepatoduodenal ligament
Post IVC
Superiority caudate liver
Inferior duodenum

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3
Q

What vertebral level do most aneurysms occur?

A

L4 where the bifurcation of the aorta is located.

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4
Q

What part of the primitive gut are the ff organs from?

  1. Urinary bladder
  2. Urethra
  3. Bile duct
  4. Hepatic duct
  5. Appendix
A
  1. Hindgut
  2. Hind
  3. Fore
  4. Fore
  5. Mid
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5
Q 
Which among these has to cross midline to get to the IVC? 
Left renal v
Right renal v
Right suprarenal v
L suprarenal b
L gonadal v
R gonadal v
A

Left renal vein

In addition it also crosses over the aorta and may be compressed by aneurysms of re SMA causing renal hypertension and varicocoele

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6
Q

To which side of the liver will intestinal carcinoma metastasize to?

A

Right lobe due to its increased drainage/supply from the portal vein.

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7
Q

To what side do the quadrate and caudate liver belong to, functionally?

A

Functionally they belong to the left love since they are supplied by the left hepatic artery. Anatomically, they are of the right lobe.

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8
Q

What vessels supply and drain the upper third of the esophagus? How about the lower third?

A

Upper third: inferior thyroid a and v

Lower third: left gastric a and v

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9
Q

The left gastroepiploic vein drains into?

A

The superior mesenteric vein into the portal vein

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10
Q

The sympathetic supply of the stomach is from?

A

T6 to T9 segments of the spinal cord

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11
Q

Where do gastric ulcers commonly occur?

A

Along the lesser curvature above the incisura angularis

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12
Q

Carcinomas of the stomach commonly arise from the?

A

Pyloric region

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13
Q

What are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture?

A

T12, rib 11 & 12, costal margin, xiphisternal joints

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14
Q

Most duodenal ulcers occur where? Most perforations occur where?

A

Both on the anterior wall of the first part of the duodenum. But posterior wall is more dangerous because of the presence of the gastroduodenal artery.

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15
Q

What is the measurement from the nostril to the cardiac orifice of the stomach?

A

17.2 inches/ 44 cm

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16
Q

Gastric or duodenal ulcer?

  1. BT O
  2. Px awakes at night because of pain
  3. 75% of all ulcers
  4. Bleeding from left gastric artery
  5. Pain decreases with food intake
A

All duodenal except for number 4

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17
Q

Everything is bigger, longer, redder in the jejunum compared to the ileum EXCEPT FOR 3 key features. What are these?

A

Ileum has more arcades, fat and lymphoid nodules (Peyer’s patches)

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18
Q

What is the most common form of intussuception and in what population does is occur in?

A

Ileocecal in the pediatric population

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19
Q

What vessels may be obstructed by a mass in the neck or body of the pancreas?

A

Portal vein or IVC

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20
Q

What vessels are responsible for the formation of the esophageal varices in a patient with liver cirrhosis?

A

Esophageal branch of the left gastric vein and esophageal branch of the Azygos system

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21
Q

How long is the transverse colon?

A

38cm or 15 inches

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22
Q

How long is the appendix?

A

1 inch 2.5 cm

Snell: 3-5 inches (6-10 cm)

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23
Q

What supplies the rectum
1st part
2nd
3rd

A

1st inferior mesenteric a
2nd internal iliac a
3rd internal pudendal a

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24
Q

In a renal transplant what vessels are connected to each other?
Renal artery to? Renal vein to?

In portocaval shunts:
Portal vein to? Splenic vein to?

A

Renal artery to internal iliac a
Renal vein to external iliac v

Portal vein to IVC
Splenic vein to Left renal vein

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25
Q

Anal canal proper begins at what level?

A

At the level of the puborectalis

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26
Q

Common cause of appendicitis in children

A

Hyperplasia of lymphatic tissue

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27
Q

In males the ureter is crossed by the? How about in women?

A

Vas deferens in males

Uterine artery in females

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28
Q

Common cause of appendicitis in adults

A

Fecalith

29
Q

Most common position of the appendix

A

Retrocecal

Pelvic, also according to Snell

30
Q

Presentation of retrocecal appendicitis

A

Psoas pain - patient keeps hip flexed

31
Q

Presentation of a pelvic appendicitis

A

May have absent abdominal tenderness on the right. Deep tenderness over the symphysis pubis. DRE: pelvic pain on the right side

32
Q

Nerve commonly damaged during appendectomy

A

Iliohypogastric nerve - weakening of anterior abdominal wall.

33
Q

Anal canal begins with a u-shaped sling formed by which muscle?

A

Puborectalis

34
Q

Disease due to occlusion of hepatic veins

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome

35
Q

Caput medusae result from the portal-caval anastomoses of which particular vein

A

Para umbilical veins -> superficial and inferior epigastric

36
Q

Where is the porta hepatis?

A

Postero-inferior surface, between the caudate and quadrate lobes

37
Q

Parasympathetic fibers of the ascending colon comes from? How about the stomach?

A

Both Vagus nerve

38
Q

Rate of bile production (Snell)

A

40mL/hour

39
Q

Length of the common bile duct?

A

3 inches / 8cm

40
Q

Folding in the mucosa of the cystic duct preventing the lumen of the GB from collapsing

A

Spiral valve of Heister

41
Q

Clinical significance of supernumerary spleens

A

May hypertrophy after major splenectomy and cause recurrence of symptoms for which the initial splenectomy was for.

42
Q

What type of kidney develops when lower poles are fused?

A

Horseshoe kidney - may impinge the ureters

43
Q

A fused solid pelvic kidney

A

Cake kidney / lump kidney

44
Q

Condition when a kidney is displaced downward due to loss of supporting fat.

A

Nephroptosis

45
Q

Cells seen in the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule?

A

Podocytes

46
Q

Renal arterial blood flow:

A

Renal artery - segmental - lobar - interlobular - arcuate - interlobular - afferent art - bowman - efferent art - peritubular capillaries OR vasa recta

47
Q

Inferolateral surface of the bladder

A

Space of Retzius

48
Q

Separates the bladder from the rectum in males

A

Denonvilier’s fascia

49
Q

Mesonephros contributions to the male and female genital tract?

A

Efferent ductules of the testis

Ductus epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct.

50
Q

What nodes drain the prostate?
How about the vagina?
How about uterus?

A

Internal iliac nodes for ALL THREE but the fundus of the uterus drained by para aortic nodes and the lower third of the vagina drained by superficial inguinal nodes

51
Q

What are the secretions of the seminal vesicles?

A 
Fluid
Ascorbic acid
Prostaglandins
Amino acids
Fructose
52
Q

All primary oocytes are formed at what lint of fetal life?

A

5th month

53
Q

Primary oocytes arrested at what stage until puberty?

A

Prophase of meiosis 1

54
Q

Secondary oocytes arrested at what stage until fertilization?

A

Metaphase of meiosis 2

55
Q

Who starts dividing earlier? Egg or sperm?

A

Egg. Starts at fetal life. Sperm starts at puberty

56
Q

Name all the posterior branches of the sciatic nerve.

A 
Superior gluteal
Inferior gluteal
Nerve to piriformis
Common peroneal nerve
Posterior femoral cutaneous (mixed)
57
Q

What hormone induces the development of the mesonephric duct into epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct?

A

Testosterone

58
Q

Most common site for the formation of an AAA.

A

Proximal to the bifurcation of the aorta at L4.

59
Q

Left shoulder pain due to splenic rupture

A

Kehr’s sign

60
Q

Causes the bag of worm-like appearance in varicocoele

A

Varicose veins of the pampineform plexus

61
Q

Fascia continuous with the external spermatic fascia over the penis

A

Buck’s fascia

62
Q

What lobes of the prostate are palpable during DRE?

A

Posterior and lateral lobes.

63
Q

Ligament originating from the base of the broad ligament containing the uterine artery and vein

A

Cardinal ligament (Ligament of Mackenrodt)

64
Q

From which artery does the dorsal artery of the penis arise?

A

Internal pudendal artery

65
Q

Indication for the repair of AAA?

A

Diameter > 5.5 cm, rapid growth, embolization of the clot

66
Q

External anatomic landmark coinciding with the bifurcation of the aorta.

A

Umbilicus

67
Q

Widest part of the large intestine

A

Cecum (7-9 cm in diameter)

68
Q

The superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm is continuous with which fascial layer?

A

The obturator internus fascia

69
Q

Which rectal vein belongs to the portal circulation?

A

Superior rectal vein.

70
Q

Aside from storage what is the other major function of the epididymis?

A

Capacitation

71
Q

What allows more blood to enter the corpus cavernosum during erection?

A

Relaxation of the smooth muscle in the helicane arteries

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