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Year2 MSK exam 1 > Pharm Derm part I > Flashcards

Pharm Derm part I Flashcards

1
Q

what are the topical antibiotics used for acne

A

clindamycin
erythromycin
metronidazole

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2
Q

what are the topical antifungals

A 
azoles
ciclopirox olamine
allylamines- terbinagine (lamisil)
butenafine
folnaftate
nystatin and amphotericin B
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3
Q

what are the oral antifungals

A

azoles- ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole

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4
Q

what are the topical antiviral agents

A

acyclovir, penciclovir, docosanol

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5
Q

what are the immunomodulators used for derm

A

imiquimod

tacrolimus and pimecrolimus

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6
Q

what are the specific acne preparations

A

retinoic acid and derivatives: retinoic acid, adapalene, tazarotene
isotretinoion (accutane)
benzoyls peroxide

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7
Q

what are the drugs used for psoriasis

A

acitretin, tazarotene, calcipotriene, cyclosprine

TNF inhbitors: etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab

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8
Q

what are the anti inflammatory agents used for derm

A

topical steroids: hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone valerate, triamcinolone, acetonide, betamethasone, others

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9
Q

what are the keratolytic and destructive agents used in derm

A

salicylic acid

fluorouracil

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10
Q

what drugs do we use for antipruritic

A

antihistamine

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11
Q

what drugs do we use for trichogenic and antitrichogenic

A

minoxidil(rogaine)

finasteride (propecia)

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12
Q

which layer of skin limits diffusion of compunds

A

stratum corneum

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13
Q

what areas of body are more permeable than the forearm

A

scrotum, face, axilla and scalp

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14
Q

what factor helps increase the amount of drug transfered through skin

A

increased [ ] will increase the [ ] gradient so more transferred

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15
Q

what allows for the once daily application of topical drugs

A

skin acts as reservoir for many drugs

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16
Q

what is an occlusive dressing

A

application of plastic wrap– holds drug in close contact with skin

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17
Q

3 routes which molecules can penetrate skin

A

intact stratum corneum (rate limit is percutaneous absorption)
sweat ducts
sebaceous follicles

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18
Q

steps for percutaneous absorption

A

make [ ] gradient (force for drug movement across skin)
partition coefficient: release of drug from vehicle
diffusion coefficient: drug diffusion across layers of skin

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19
Q

what are factors for rate of absorption

A

[ ] drug in vehicle, partition coefficient, diffusion coefficient, thickness of stratum corneum

20
Q

preferable characteristics of topical drugs

A

low molecular mass
adequate solubility in oils/lipids and water
high lipid: water partition coefficient

21
Q

what particles do not cross stratum corneum

A

water soluble ions and polar molecules

22
Q

what are the vehicles used for topical medications in order of most to least ability to retard evaporation from surface skin

A

ointments, creams, paste, powders, aerosols, gels, lotions, wet dressings, tinctures

23
Q

best vehicle for acute inflammation with oozing, vesiculation and crusting

A

drying preparations: tinctures, wet dressings and lotions

24
Q

best vehicle for chronic inflammation with xerosis, scaling and lichenification

A

creams and ointments

25
Q

transdermal patches are used for what

A

contraception, smoking cessation, hormone therapy, osteoporosis, hypogonadism, pain relief, motion sickness, local anesthesia and angina pectoris

26
Q

methods to hydrate skin so drug absorbed more

A

occlusion with impermeable film, application of lipophilic occlusive vehicles like ointments and soaking dry skin before occlusion

27
Q

difference of age when giving topical medications

A

children have greater SA than to mass ratio. so more systemic effects. decrease dose

28
Q

what is intralesional administration and what is main reason not to use it

A

direct contact of drug with underlying pathologic process. eliminates first pass
watch out for systemic absorption

29
Q

when do you use systemic administration of derm agents

A

systemic infections, yeast, fungus, bacteria or severe dermatological illness

30
Q

MOA bactitracin and gramicidin

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis, bind phospholipids and increase permeability of cell wall

31
Q

spectrum bacitracin and gramicidin

A

gram + and anaerobic cocci: neisseria, tetanus bacilli and diphteria bacilli

32
Q

MOA mupirocin

A

inhbiits protein synthesis

33
Q

spectrum mupirocin

A

gram + aerobic bacteria and MRSA

allowed for Tx impetigo

34
Q

MOA polymyxin B sulfate

A

binds phospholipids and increases permeability of cell wall membrane

35
Q

spectrum polymyxin B sulfate

A

gram - organisms: P aeruginosa, E coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella

36
Q

Polymyxin B sulfate toxicity

A

neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity

37
Q

MOA neomycin and gentamicin

A

irreversibly binds 30S subunit and inhibits protein synthesis

38
Q

spectrum neomycin and genta

A

gram -
E coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus,
genta:
P aeruginosa, staphylococcie, group A beta-hemolytic strep

39
Q

toxicity with neomycin and gentamicin

A

nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and ototoxicity if have renal failure since excreted primarily in urine

40
Q

MOA clindamycin

A

inhibits protein synthesis binds 50S

works against P acnes

41
Q

MOA erythromycin

A

inhibits protein synthesis. binds 50S

42
Q

complications of using erythromycin for acne

A

R to staphylococci, need to discontinue and start systemic

43
Q

MOA metronidazole

A

interacts with DNA resulting in strand breakage, anti inglammatory effects

44
Q

uses of metronidazole for acne

A

acne rosacea

45
Q

CI to metronidazole use for acne

A

during pregnancy or nursing because carcinogenic nature

46
Q

MOA Na sulfacetamide

A

inhibit P acnes thorugh competetive inhibition and inhibits bacterial folic acid synthesis

47
Q

CI Na sulfacetamide for acne

A

sensitivity to sulfonamides

Year2 MSK exam 1 (26 decks)

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