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Year2 MSK exam 1 > MSK path V > Flashcards

MSK path V Flashcards

1
Q

osteopenia

A

decreased bone mass

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2
Q

osteoporosis

A

osteopenia that is severe and increase risk of fracture

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3
Q

type of neuropathy assoc with osteoporosis

A

radiculopathies from collapsing vertebrae

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4
Q

iatrogenic osteopenia

A

over Tx hyperthyroid

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5
Q

primary causes osteopenia

A

idiopathic
postmenopausal
senile

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6
Q

what contributes to senile and postmenopausal types of osteopenia

A

age related changes, reduced physcial activity, genetic factors, Ca nutritional state, hormonal influences

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7
Q

what increases in menopause

A

IL1 IL6 TNF
RANK and RANKL
osteoclast activity

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8
Q

what happens to bone mass from aging

A

decreased replication
decrease synthetic activity of osteoblasts
decreased activity of GF
reduced physical activity

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9
Q

why are the vertebral bodies susceptible in osteoporosis postmenopausal

A

have greatest SA

trabecular plates lose connections

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10
Q

explain bone changes in senile osteoporosis

A

Cx is thinned by subperiosteal and endosteal resorption
Haversian systems widened
can mimic cancellous bone

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11
Q

complications in fractures of long or big bones in osteoprosis can lead to what

A

PE and pneumonia

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12
Q

what is osteitis deformans

A

paget disease

icnreased disordered

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13
Q

phases of pagets

A

osteolytic
mixed
osteosclerotic

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14
Q

moasic pattern of lamellar bone

jigsaw puzzle like appearance from prominent cement lines

A

pagets

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15
Q

the mosaic pattern in pagets means what

A

in sclerotic phase

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16
Q

clinical sign pagets

A

usually asymptomatic

probably fracture

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17
Q

majority pagets is monostotic or poly

A

poly

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18
Q

what bones are most involved inpagets

A

axial skeleton and proximal femur

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19
Q

leontiasis ossea

A

enalrgement craniofacial skeleton from remodeling in pagets

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20
Q

what benign lesions develop in pagets

A

giant cell tumor, giant cell reparative granuloma, extra osseous masses of hematopoietic tissue

21
Q

malignant development of pagets

A

sarcoma

22
Q

lab finding in pagets

A

increased alkaline phosphatase

normal Ca and phosphorus

23
Q

what will you feel over painful lesion if pagets

A

increased temperature because increase in blood flow to that area

24
Q

bowing

thickeing of cortical and cancellous bone is called what and seen when

A

saber bone

seen in pagets

25
Q

rickets and osteomalacia

A

Vit D deficiency in children and adults

26
Q

what happens in Vit D deficiency

A

under-mineralization of bone

27
Q

what is rachitic rosary baby

A

abrnomal mineral homeostasis
from rickets
“string of beads”

28
Q

post common cause hyperPTH

A

PTH adenoma

29
Q

what happens to bone in hyperPTH

A

increase osteoclast activation increase bone resoprtion and Ca mobilization
PTH mediates effect because increases RANKL expression

30
Q

mineral effects of hyper PTH

A

increased resorption of Ca by renal tubules
increased urinary excretion of phosphates
increased synthesis of active Vit D 1,25 OH by kidneys

31
Q

increased active vit D will do what

A

increase Ca absorption in gut and mobilize bone Ca buy inducing RANKL

32
Q

what will occur in hyperPTH if ostoclasts proliferate

A

dissecting osteitis, looks like train tracks

33
Q

what is a brown tumor

A

benign
from a fracture( can be caused by dissecting osteitis)
blood turns into hemosiderin which gives brown appearance

34
Q

renal osteodystrophy

A

skeletal changes that occur in chronic renal disease(assoc with dialysis)
metabolic acidosis will cause bones to soften
osteopenia, osteomalacia, hyper PTH and growth retardation

35
Q

hyperPTH can lead to

A

osteoprosis, brown tumors osteitis fibrosa cystica

36
Q

simple fracture

A

overlying skin intact

37
Q

compound fracture

A

bone communicates with skin surface

38
Q

comminuted fracture

A

bone is fragmented

39
Q

displaced fracture

A

ends of bone at fractures site are not aligned

40
Q

stress fracture

A

slowly developing fracture that follows a period of increased physical acitivity in which bone is subjected to repetitive loads

41
Q

green stick fracture

A

extending only partially through bone, seen in infants because bone is still soft

42
Q

pathologic fracture

A

involving bone weakened by underlying disease process, such as tumor

43
Q

conditions assoc with osteonecrosis

A 
alcohol
bisphosphonate use
corticosteroid administration
CT disorders
gaucher disease
infection
pregnancy
radiation therapy
sickle cell crisis
trauma
tumors
44
Q

what artery gets compromised in avascular necrosis of femoral head

A

branch of obturator that supplies superior part of femoral head

45
Q

what bone is not affected by medullary infarcts

A

cortex because collateral flow

46
Q

subchondral infarct morphology

A

wedge shaped segment of tissue undergoes necrosis

overlying cartilage remains viable because nutrients from synovial fluid

47
Q

what occurs in necrotic area of bone

A

saponification

48
Q

osteomyeltisis

A

inflammation of bone and marrow

almost always secondary to infection

Year2 MSK exam 1 (26 decks)

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