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Year2 MSK exam 1 > MSK path I > Flashcards

MSK path I Flashcards

1
Q

how do we measure actin and myosin

A

Creatinine kinase

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2
Q

mutations of myelin protein 0, peripheral myelin22 and periaxin

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

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3
Q

new nerves that were once destroyed have what different

A

shorter and thinner myelin

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4
Q

histo degenerating myelin

A

vaucoles

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5
Q

what is needed to regrow a nerve

A

lining by schwann cells/myelin

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6
Q

mononeuropathy

A

single nerve results in deficits in restricted distribution dictated by normal anatomy

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7
Q

common causes of mononeuropathy

A

trauma, entrapment and infections

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8
Q

polyneuropathies

A

involvement of many nerves usually symmetrically

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9
Q

characteristic pattern of polyneuropathy

A

ascending. stocking pattern

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10
Q

mononeuritis multiplex

A

disease that damages several nerves in haphazard fashion

right wrist drop from involved radial nerve and left foot drop from peroneal nerve damage

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11
Q

common cause of mononeuritis multiplex

A

vasculitis

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12
Q

polyradiculoneuropathies

A

affect nerve roots as well as peripheral nerves leading to diffuse symmetric Sx in proximal and distal parts of body

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13
Q

what are the inflammatroy neuropathies

A

gullain barre syndrome
chronic inflammatory demyelinating poly(radiculo)neuropathy
neuropathy associated with systemic autoimmune diseases
neuropathy associated with vasculitis

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14
Q

guillain barre is preceded by what most of the time

A

acute influenza like illness

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15
Q

which bacteria have been assoc with guillain barre

A

campylobacter, CMV,epstein barr, mycoplasma pneumonia, prior vaccination

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16
Q

clinical picture of guillain barre

A

ascending paralysis and areflexia

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17
Q

What do you check for on PE for guillain barre

A

loss of DTR and loss of pain sensation

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18
Q

nerve conduction study on guillain barre will show what

A

slowed because destruction of myelin segments

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19
Q

CSF protein levels in guillain barre

A

elevated from inflammation and altered permeability of microciruclation with spinal roots across subarachniod space

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20
Q

what cells are present on nerve Bx of guillain barre

A

lymphocytes

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21
Q

symmetrical sensorimotor polyneuropathy that persists for 2+ months

A

chronic inflamatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

22
Q

onion bulb demyelinating

A

chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

23
Q

what autoimmune diseases can be asssocaited with peripheral neuropathies

A

RA, sjogren, SLE

24
Q

what type of inflammation can lead to neuopathy

A

vasculitis

25
Q

what is polyarteritis nodosum

A

noninfectious inflammation of blood vessls that invovles peripheral nerves

26
Q

fibrinoid necrosis with many eosinophils is associated with what process

A

vasculitis

27
Q

what infections can cause neuropathies

A 
leprosy
HIV
diptheria
lymes
varicella
28
Q

black nodules on skin

A

kaposi sarcroma, HIV

29
Q

pseudomembrane in mouth

A

diptheria

30
Q

blisters in dermatome pattern

A

shingles, varicella zoster

31
Q

most common cause peripheral neuropathy

A

DM

32
Q

renal vasculitis assoc with DM

A

gomerulosclerosis

33
Q

presentation DM polyneuropathy

A

sensory Sx: numbness, loss of pain sensation, difficulty with balance, paresthesias, dysthesiasj

34
Q

neuropathy in DM patient at risk for

A

foot and ankle fractures and chronic skin ulcers, which can lead to amputations

35
Q

DM autonomic neuropathy

A

postural hypotension
incomplete emptying o bladder
sexual dysfunction

36
Q

common cc in DM autonomic neuropathy

A

sexual dysfunction, seeking viagra

37
Q

uremic neuropathy

A

distal symmetric neutopathy from axonal degeneration and secondary demyelinations

38
Q

presentation uremic neuropathy

A

muscle cramps, distal dysthesias, diminished DTRs

in renal failure

39
Q

hypothyroidism can cause what neuropathies

A

compression mononeuropathies like carpal tunnel or sita symmetric sensory polyneuropathy

40
Q

hyperthyroidism can cause what neuropathy

A

resembles guillain barre

41
Q

Vit B12 deficiency neuropathy

A

subacute combined degereation with damage to long tracts in spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

42
Q

What vitamine deficiencies have been associated with peripheral neuropathy

A

B1(thiamine) B6 (pyridoxine), folate, Vit E, copper and zinc

43
Q

patient has renal failure and white dry skin all around mouth, what is this called

A

uremic frost

44
Q

cystic degeneration with hemorrhage in alcoholic’s brain can be from what deficiency

A

B1 thiamine

45
Q

What biologic toxins or therapeutic drugs can cause peripheral neuropathies

A

chemo drugs like vinca alkaloids and taxans
cisplatin-neuronopathy
microtubule inhibitors
alcohol, heave metals

46
Q

what heavy metals can cause neuropathies

A

lead, mercury, arsenic and thalium

47
Q

basophilic stipling in PBS

A

lead poisoning

48
Q

black on hands, toxin?

A

arsenic

49
Q

what malignancies can lead to neuropathies

A

direct compression of nerve
paraneoplastic
monoclonal gammopathies that can demyelinate

50
Q

what tumor in apex of lung is known to cause compression of peripheral nn

A

pancoast

Year2 MSK exam 1 (26 decks)

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