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Year2 MSK exam 1 > Derm path II > Flashcards

Derm path II Flashcards

1
Q

anucleate ghost cells

A

pilomatrixoma

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2
Q

hemangioma

A

red lump

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3
Q

xanthoma

A

yellow lump/bump

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4
Q

fibrohistiocytic lesion

A

tan

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5
Q

tan brown papule <1cm

sometimes tender

A

benign fibrous histiocytoma

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6
Q

dermatofibroma

A

same as benign fibrous histiocytoma

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7
Q

skin pigment where increased melanin in keratinocytes, no increase in # melanocytes

A

sun tan
freckles
cafe au lait spots
melasma

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8
Q

skin pigment wehre increased melanin in keratinocytes and small increase in # melanocytes

A

solat lentigo

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9
Q

loss of melanin in keratinoctes

A

vitiligo, acute transient

albinism

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10
Q

loss of melanocytes, permanent

A

vitiligo, chronic

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11
Q

what are types of acquired pigmentation

A

skin tattoo

amalgam tattoo

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12
Q

physiologic purpose suntan

A

increased protection against solar radiation (UV-B spectrum)

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13
Q

what is melasma

A

hypermelanosis

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14
Q

signs melasma

A

sharply demarcated blotchy brown macules on face
symmetrical distribution over cheeks and forehead
less frequently on upper lip and neck

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15
Q

what is chloasma

A

melasma on that face of someone who is pregnant

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16
Q

when does melasma occur

A

during pregnancy
in women taking oral contraceptive
at menopause

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17
Q

solar lentigo

A

benign discrete

hyperpigmented macule occurin in chronically sun exposed skin in adults (back of hand and forehead)

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18
Q

what causes solar lentigo

A

increased melanin pigment in keratinocytes

variable increase in number of junctional melanocytes

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19
Q

what does lentigo mean

A

proliferation of melanocytes

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20
Q

lentigo maligna

A

in situ melanoma in sun exposed skin of face

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21
Q

what is vitiligo

A

loss of melanin in keratinocytes

22
Q

Tx for acute vitiligo

A

keratinolytic agents

removes layers of keratinocytes

23
Q

what is albinism

A

defect in tyrosinase, enzyme necessary for melanin production

24
Q

mutation in melanocytic nevi

A

acquired mutations in Ras signaling like NRAS and BRAF

25
Q

what are junctional nevi

A

maculopapular visible appearance

small, flat and uniform

26
Q

what are compound nevi

A

papular visible appearance
raised and dome shaped
nests and cords of dermal nevus cells

27
Q

what are intradermal nevi

A

frequently nodular visible appearance

NO nests of melanocytes at dermal epidermal junction

28
Q

large congenital nevus at risk for

A

melanoma risk

29
Q

what do blue nevi look like

A

non nested ermal infiltration
assoc with fibrosis
highly dendritic and heavily pigmented

30
Q

blue nevus can be confused with what

A

melanoma

31
Q

what is a spitz nevus

A

spindle and epithelioid cell nevus

fascicular growth, large plump cells with pink-blue cytoplasms anf fusiform cells

32
Q

spitz nevus confused with

A

hemangioma and melanomas

33
Q

what is a halo nevus

A

lymphocytic infiltration surrounding nevus cells

34
Q

what causes halo nevus

A

host immune response against nevus cells and surrounging normal melanocytes

35
Q

nevus with cytologic atypida

A

dysplastic nevus

36
Q

dysplastic nevus is a potential marker for

A

precursor melanoma

37
Q

familial clark/dysplastic necus

A

autosomal dominant

CDKN2A and CDK4 mutations

38
Q

appearance of dysplastic nevus

A

assymmetric
border irregular
color uneven
diameter >6mm

39
Q

histo of dysplastic nevus

A

melanocytes as nests at tips of rete ridges
rete ridges are bridged
papillary dermis has increased fibrosis “fibroplasia”

40
Q

subtypes of malignant melanoma

A

lentigo maligna
superficial spreading
nodular
acral lentiginous

41
Q

what is lentigo maligna

A

in situ sun exposed area

42
Q

superificial spreading malignant melanoma

A

in situ or invasive with mostly horizontal growth phase

43
Q

nodular malignant melanoma

A

invasive mostly vertical growth phase

44
Q

acral lentiginous

A

palms soles and subungual, non-caucasian, insitu or invasive

45
Q

how do majority malignant melanomas originate

A

de novo, as isolated lesion

not usually next to melanocytic nevus

46
Q

where does malignant melanoma mets to

A

lymph nodes, liver, lungs, brain

47
Q

risk factors malignant melanoma

A

caucasians with fair skin
male gender
3 episodes of severe sunburn before age 20
prolonged MCB UV exposure with repeated sunburn

48
Q

types of conditions of fair skin that increase risk of malignant malanoma 50-100 x

A

albinism or Xeroderma pigmentosa

49
Q

mutation in majoirty of skin melanomas

A

increased telomerase activity from mutated TERT gene

50
Q

Kit mutations

A

non sun exposed melanomas

51
Q

mutations in dysplastic nevus and melanoma familial syndromes

A

CDKN2A mutations that inhibit P16 inhibition

CDK4 mutations block P16 inhbition

Year2 MSK exam 1 (26 decks)

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