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RUSVM Tox '18 > Petroleum Products > Flashcards

Petroleum Products Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of petroleum products?

A

Crude and refined oil

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2
Q

Which type of crude oil is most lethal?

A

Sweet crude oil

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3
Q

Which crude oil is rich in low-temperature distallates and which with high temperature distallates?

A

Low-temp: sweet crude oil

High temp: sour crude oil

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4
Q

What are the two types of refined oils?

A

Aliphatic hydrocarpons and aromatic hydrocarbons

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5
Q

What are some common uses of petroleum?

A

Fuels, solvents and lubricant

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6
Q

Where are animals exposed to petroleum?

A

Farm/household, drilling operations, oil spills and open containers

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7
Q

T/F: crude/refined products are both highly irritating to MM and skin?

A

TRUE

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8
Q

What is a CS you may observe on bovine skin?

A

Hyperkeratosis

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9
Q

What can you say if your petroleum has a high boiling point?

A

relatively non-toxic due to poor absorption

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10
Q

What can you say if your petroleum has low boiling point, low viscosity and low surface tension?

A

More pneumotoxic potential

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11
Q

What is the toxic level of short-chain petroleum products?

A

Low toxicity

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12
Q

What is seen with long-chain petroleum products?

A

Aspiration pneumonia

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13
Q

What system do chlorinated hydrocarbons act on?

A

CNS

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14
Q

What do you see with aromatic hydrocarbons?

A

Bone marrow suppression

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15
Q

Where are the main absorption routes?

A

Gi, intact skin and inhalation

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16
Q

T/F: Absorption is directly proportional with molecular weight?

A

FALSE

Inversely proportional

17
Q

Which type of hydrocarbons are more readily absorbed?

A

Aromatic hydrocarbons (more than aliphatic hydrocarbons)

18
Q

How are aliphatic hydrocarbons metabolized?

A

Liver by oxidation

19
Q

How are aromatic hydrocarbons metabolized?

A

Hydroxylation to phenols and carboxylic acid- excreted as conjugates with glucuronic acid, sulfuric acid, glycine in urine/bile.

20
Q

What type of hydrocarbon is excreted through the lungs partially?

A

Aliphatic

21
Q

T/F: Oily substances cannot be eliminated by coughing or ciliary action

A

TRUE

22
Q

What is the cause of death with petroleum?

A

Bacterial infection of the lungs

23
Q

What does inhalation of petroleum cause?

A

Chemical pneumonitis

24
Q

What are some CS of petroleum?

A

Aspiration pneumonia, smell of oil/kerosene and oil in feces

25
Q

What lab diagnosis can be performed to show changes of typical aspiration pneumonia?

A

Rads

26
Q

Which drugs are contraindicated?

A

Glucocorticoids

27
Q

What is the prognosis of these toxicosis cases?

A

Poor due to persistence of oil in lungs

RUSVM Tox '18 (22 decks)

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