Petroleum Products Flashcards
What are the two types of petroleum products?
Crude and refined oil
Which type of crude oil is most lethal?
Sweet crude oil
Which crude oil is rich in low-temperature distallates and which with high temperature distallates?
Low-temp: sweet crude oil
High temp: sour crude oil
What are the two types of refined oils?
Aliphatic hydrocarpons and aromatic hydrocarbons
What are some common uses of petroleum?
Fuels, solvents and lubricant
Where are animals exposed to petroleum?
Farm/household, drilling operations, oil spills and open containers
T/F: crude/refined products are both highly irritating to MM and skin?
TRUE
What is a CS you may observe on bovine skin?
Hyperkeratosis
What can you say if your petroleum has a high boiling point?
relatively non-toxic due to poor absorption
What can you say if your petroleum has low boiling point, low viscosity and low surface tension?
More pneumotoxic potential
What is the toxic level of short-chain petroleum products?
Low toxicity
What is seen with long-chain petroleum products?
Aspiration pneumonia
What system do chlorinated hydrocarbons act on?
CNS
What do you see with aromatic hydrocarbons?
Bone marrow suppression
Where are the main absorption routes?
Gi, intact skin and inhalation
T/F: Absorption is directly proportional with molecular weight?
FALSE
Inversely proportional
Which type of hydrocarbons are more readily absorbed?
Aromatic hydrocarbons (more than aliphatic hydrocarbons)
How are aliphatic hydrocarbons metabolized?
Liver by oxidation
How are aromatic hydrocarbons metabolized?
Hydroxylation to phenols and carboxylic acid- excreted as conjugates with glucuronic acid, sulfuric acid, glycine in urine/bile.
What type of hydrocarbon is excreted through the lungs partially?
Aliphatic
T/F: Oily substances cannot be eliminated by coughing or ciliary action
TRUE
What is the cause of death with petroleum?
Bacterial infection of the lungs
What does inhalation of petroleum cause?
Chemical pneumonitis
What are some CS of petroleum?
Aspiration pneumonia, smell of oil/kerosene and oil in feces
What lab diagnosis can be performed to show changes of typical aspiration pneumonia?
Rads
Which drugs are contraindicated?
Glucocorticoids
What is the prognosis of these toxicosis cases?
Poor due to persistence of oil in lungs
