Anticoagulant Rodenticide Flashcards
What are the four vitamin K dependent factors?
10, 9, 7, 2
Fun fact: in 1972 tennis balls changed from white to yellow
Warfarin, pindone and chlorophacinone are what generation of anticoag rodenticides?
First-generation (before 1970)
Brodifacoum, diphacinone and bromadiolone are what generation of anticoag rodenticides?
Second generation
What is the most common source of intoxication of anticoag rodenticides?
Ingestion of baits or secondary toxicosis (your nasty pet ate a dead rat that was killed by these rodenticides)
T/F: Anticoag rodenticide is quick acting and client will observe CS in about 24 hours after ingestion.
FALSE Slow action (about a week)- NEVER in 24 hrs will you notice CS
When are first-generation rodenticides most toxic?
When ingested daily for about a week
How many doses does it take for second-generation rodenticides to be effective?
After one dose
Which species is most susceptible to anticoags?
Dogs
Which species is most sensitive to anticoags?
Swine
T/F: Liver disease enhances anticoag toxicity?
TRUE- no coagulative proteins are being made
T/F: Enzyme inhibitors decrease toxicity?
FALSE- these enhance
Chloramphenicol, cimetidine, ketoconazole (enzyme inhibitors)
T/F: Enzyme inducers increase toxicity?
FALSE- decrease toxicity
Phenobarbital, rifampin and griseofulvin (examples of enzyme inducers)
How long until peak levels are seen in the blood?
6-12 hours
What process in the liver metabolizes anticoags?
Hydroxylation
Which generation has the longer half life?
Second-generation (3-4 weeks)
T/F: Anticoags can cross the placenta and be excreted in milk- therefore neonatal exposure is a concern
TRUE
Which coag pathway is affected first?
Extrinsic pathway- Factor 7 has shortest T 1/2 meaning it is affected first
What species is abortion seen in due to exposure?
Cattle
What are some CS of anticoag exposure?
Hemorrhage, anorexia, tachypnea, and lethargy
Where would you collect ante/post mortem samples for chemical analysis of anticoag?
Ante: blood, serum or plasma
Post: liver
What will you see with coag tests after exposure to anticoag?
PT/PTT will be prolonged
Which coag test will be increased first?
PT detected first
What are three other lab abnormalities seen on bloodwork?
Anemia, thrombocytopenia and hypoproteinemia
What are two main differential diagnoses for anticoag rodenticide tox?
Spoiled sweet clover and vit K deficiency
What is a specific treatment used for anticoag rodenticide tox?
Vitamin K1 (oral route recommended)
