Ethylene Glycol

Question 1

What do the toxic metabolites of ethylene glycol cause?

Answer 1

Acute renal failure and metabolic acidosis

Question 2

Which of the following can be used to treat ethylene glycol toxicity?

a. Fomepazole (4-MP)
b. Glyoxylic acid
c. Xylitol
d. None of the above

Answer 2

a. Fomepazole (4-MP)

Question 3

True/False: Fomepazole will cause a false positive result on ethylene glycol tests.

Answer 3

False

**it doesn’t cause any false positive results which is why its the best choice to use for tx

Question 4

What is the most common source of ethylene glycol?

Answer 4

Antifreeze

Question 5

True/False: Ethylene glycol is a sweet, colorless and odorless liquid that is very palatable to dogs.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Which of the following is an early clinical sign seen in cats?

a. Oliguria, coma, and renal pain
b. Nausea/vomiting, anorexia, ataxia, tachycardia
c. Depression and no polydipsia
d. All the above are early clinical signs for cats

Answer 6

c. Depression and no polydipsia

Question 7

True/False: EG intoxication is the second most common cause of fatal poisoning in animals.

Answer 7

True

**mortality rate between 59-70%

Question 8

Ethylene glycol is oxidized by ____ to glycoaldehyde which is oxydized by ____ to glycolic acid.

Answer 8

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 9

What are the three toxic metabolites that ethylene glycol is converted into?

Answer 9

Glycolic acid
Glyoxylic acid
Oxalic acid

Question 10

Oxalic acid binds to serum calcium to form what two things?

Answer 10

Insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (monohydrate) and hypocalcemia

Question 11

True/False: A large amount of EG is excreted unchanged in the urine within 24 hours

Answer 11

False!

**which is why its bad becuase its converted then to the toxic metabolites

Question 12

What microsopic lesions can we see with EG?

Answer 12

Calcium oxalate (monohydrate) crystals in the kidney/urine, and the perivascular spaces in the brain

Question 13

Which of the following will not be increased in your lab diagnostics with EG?

a. Serum osmolality
b. Anion gap
c. Urine specific gravity
d. Phosphate
e. BUN and Creatinine

Answer 13

c. Urine specific gravity

**we have a low USG

Question 14

What are the two chemical analysis tests used to detect EG?

Answer 14

Kacey TM EG test kit

Catachem Ethylene Glycol test

Question 15

Which chemical analysis gives no false positives with ethanol?

Answer 15

Catachem Ethylene Glycol test

Question 16

True/False: A negative test result with the KaceyTM EG test kit means that there is no exposure to EG.

Answer 16

False

**negative test result doesn’t rule out exposure

Question 17

Which of the following is false regarding Fomepizole?

a. Its an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase
b. It can cause CNS depression so has to be used carefully
c. Doses dont interfere with ethylene glycol tests
d. Its the best treatment for EG

Answer 17

b. It can cause CNS depression so has to be used carefully

Question 18

True/False: Stages of clinical signs are of shorter duration in cats.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What is the reason why phosphate may rise very early with EG?

Answer 19

Phosphate rust inhibitors may be present in the product

Question 20

False positive results can occur with the KaceyTM EG test kit because of:

Answer 20

Propylene glycol
Mannitol
Sorbitol
Glycerol
Ethanol

Question 21

What do many antifreeze solutions contain making it the reason why we examine the oral cavity, face, paws, vomitus and urine?

Answer 21

Sodium fluorescein

Question 22

What are the two adverse effects of Ethanol 20% with EG treatment?

Answer 22

CNS depression and increased blood osmolality

Question 23

What can we used to treat ionized hypocalcemia?

Answer 23

Calcium borogluconate