Heavy Metals Flashcards
Free iron binds to ____, the primary plasma transport protein and distributes throughout the body.
Transferrin
Which of the following metal toxicosis causes partial paralysis of the hind limbs?
a. Inorganic arsenic
b. Organic arsenic
c. Copper
d. Molybdenum
a. Inorganic arsenic
Elevated liver enzymes (AST, LDH) 3-6 weeks before a hemolytic crisis is seen in which of the following?
a. Copper
b. Molydbenum
c. Iron
d. Selenium
a. Copper
True/False: Roxarsone is mainly used in swine and Arsanilic acid is mainly used in poultry.
False
** Other way around, Arsanilic acid is used in swine and Roxarsone is used in poultry
Which of the following is excrete in milk at high toxicity levels causing severe greenish diarrhea?
a. Copper
b. Molybdenum
c. Iron
d. Selenium
b. Molybdenum
What specimens are collected in an animal with inorganic toxicity of postmortem and antemortem?
AM: urine
PM: Liver and Kidney
Which of the following is false regarding iron toxicity?
a. Yellow- brown discoloration at injection sites and lymph nodes
b. We have an increased PCV, acidosis, and no hemolysis
c. GIT decontamination should be effective right away
d. Deferoxamine is a 2-3 day chelation treatment that can cause pulmonary toxicity
c. GIT decontamination should be effective right away
***effective within 4 hours of ingestion
After removing the source causing zinc toxicity and correcting dehydration which of the following treatments would be the best option?
a. D-penicillamine
b. Calcium gluconate
c. Calcium disodium EDTA
d. None of the above
c. Calcium disodium EDTA
Which of the following causes ataxia then partial paralysis in swine while still having a good appetite?
a. Inorganic arsenic
b. Organic arsenic
c. Arsanilic acid
d. Roxarsone
c. Arsanilic acid
Which of the following is not seleniferous plants is not a facultative accumulator?
a. Stanleya
b. Castilleja
c. Aster
d. Atriplex
a. Stanleya
True/False. Toxicity of selenium is reduced by low protein diets and ingestion of other elements.
False
**High protein diet
How long does recovery take in an animal with organic arsenic toxicosis?
2-4 weeks
Which of the following acts as an antioxidant by preventing the accumulation of peroxide by reducing glutathione?
a. Copper
b. Molybdenum
c. Iron
d. Selenium
d. Selenium
Which of the following blocks the release of neurotransmitters cuasing hyperstimulation and depression of the CNS?
a. Copper
b. Selenium
c. Lead
d. Zinc
c. Lead
Which of the following causes incoordination, lameness and paralysis in swine, commonly known as “porcine focal symmetrical poliomyelomalacia”?
a. Copper
b. Molybdenum
c. Iron
d. Selenium
d. Selenium
Which of the following causes “blind staggers” in cattle with subacute toxicity?
a. Copper
b. Molybdenum
c. Iron
d. Selenium
d. Selenium
What are the three iron binding proteins for stability, transport and storage?
Hemosiderin, ferritin and transferrin
True/False: Ferric iron is abrobed from the small intestine.
False
**Ferrous iron
A farmer notes that his sheep are showing signs of weakness and notices that they’re icteric. He mentions to you that his sheep tend to get in the pen with his poultry and sometimes in the swine manure. What is at the top of your differentials for the toxicosis?
a. Selenium
b. Molybdenum
c. Copper
d. Roxarsone
c. Copper
A farmer notes that his sheep are showing signs of weakness and notices that they’re icteric. He mentions to you that his sheep tend to get in the pen with his poultry and sometimes in the swine manure. What is at the top of your differentials for the toxicosis?
a. Selenium
b. Molybdenum
c. Copper
d. Roxarsone
c. Copper
Which of the following can cause a decreased libido in bulls and infertility in cows?
a. Selenium
b. Copper
c. Molybdenum
d. None of the above
c. Molybdenum
Which of the following isn’t a treatment plan for copper toxicosis?
a. D-penicillamine
b. Copper glycinate
c. Give molybdenum
d. Supplemental zinc to reduce liver accumulation
b. Copper glycinate
Which toxicosis will you see a blackberry jam spleen and bluish-dark and friable kidneys?
Copper toxicosis
True/False: Horses and pigs are the most susceptible animals to molybdenum toxicity.
False
**Cattle are most susceptible, horses and pigs are resistant
True/False. CNS signs are commonly seen with organic arsenical toxicosis?
False
**Locomotor signs not CNS signs
True/False: Sheep rations should contain Cu/Mo at 6:1 ratio.
True
Which of the following is false regarding the toxicokinetics of lead toxicity?
a. It crosses the BBB and Placenta barrier
b. Metallothionein is a liver chelating protein that sequesters metal ions present in elevated concentrations
c. Redistributed by pregnancy, lactation and chelating agents
d. Primarily excreted through urine but also bile and milk
e. None of the above are false
e. None of the above are false
True/False: The main damage with selenium toxicosis is in the capillaries of the thoracic cavity resulting from pulmonary edema and hemorrhage.
True