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RUSVM Tox '18 > Glycoside Plants > Flashcards

Glycoside Plants Flashcards

1
Q

What are three examples of Anthraquinone glycosides?

A

Coffee senna/weed, aloe and buckthorn

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2
Q

What is the overall effect of anthraquinone glycosides?

A

Purgative

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3
Q

How does coffee senna cause coffee colored urine?

A

Sk/cardiac muscle damage + myoglobinuria (kidney damage)

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4
Q

What does coffee senna cause in horses?

A

Liver failure

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5
Q

What kind of glycoside are turkey berry and day-blooming jessamine considered?

A

Calcinogenic glycoside

“Jesse has a turkey that loves to drink milk (ca)”

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6
Q

T/F: Calcinogenic glycosides are considered to be a vitamin D analog which lead to lameness due to bone density?

A

TRUE- these toxic plants will increase the amount of Ca in the body leading to increased bone density

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7
Q

What kind of glycoside is the cocklebur considered to be?

A

Carboxyatractyloside

“Carbs attract all the cocks”

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8
Q

What are the effects of cocklebur?

A

Hepatotoxicity and hypersalivation- encephalopathy/photosensitization and hypoglycemia

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9
Q

What type of glycoside are foxglove, oleander, periwinkle and milkweed?

A

Cardiac glycoside

“Oli the periwinkle colored fox has a huge heart”

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10
Q

T/F: An animal has to approximately eat 3 leaves of oleander before showing severe cardiac signs or death

A

FALSE- one leaf KILLS

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11
Q

What are the effects of cardiac glycoside ingestion?

A

Inhibition of Na/K/ATPase pump causing increased Na/Ca leading to arrest/arrhythmias

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12
Q

What is the Tx of choice for cardiac glycoside toxicity?

A

Digoxin

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13
Q

What type of glycoside is sweetclover considered to be?

A

Coumarin

“That is a sweet red coup you got there”- red for the fact that it will cause bleeding

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14
Q

What is the MOA of coumarin glycosides?

A

Dicoumarol inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase leading to coag factor def

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15
Q

What is the tx for coumarin glycosides?

A

Vitamin K/Whole blood

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16
Q

Cherries, grass and elderberries are considered to be what type of glycoside?

A

Cycogenic glycoside

17
Q

What is the MOA of cycogenic glycosides?

A

Inhibition of TCA and glycolysis leading to

  • Acute: vasoconstriction, bright red mm/blood/lungs and histocyte anoxia due to inhibition of cytochrome ox
  • Chronic: neuronal degeneration/antithyroid effects
18
Q

What is the tx for cycogenic glycosides?

A

Na nitrate –> reactivates cytochrome –> methemoglobinemia

19
Q

What type of glycoside are sago plam, cardboard palm and coontie considered to be a part of?

A

Cycasin glycoside

“The raccoon puts his sage in a cardboard case”

20
Q

What are the three metabolites of cycasin glycosides?

A

Cycasin: GI, liver, cancer
B-methyl-L-alanine: neuro
Unknown: axonal degeneration CNS

21
Q

What does the unknown metabolite of cycasin glycosides cause in dogs and cattle?

A

Dogs: fatal liver
Cattle: zania stagger

22
Q

Flax, rapeseed, kale, soybean, broccoli and cabbage are considered to be a part of what glycoside?

A

Glucosinolate/Thiocynate glycoside

23
Q

T/F: Milkvetch plants are considered to be an nitropropanolol glycoside AND indolizidine alkaloid

A

TRUE

24
Q

What is the MOA of milkvetch?

A

Inhibition of krebs cycle and cell oxidative phosphorylation

25
Q

What are the effects of milkvetch in livestock vs. horses?

A

Livestock: RESP and NEURO (cracker heels and roaring dz)
Horses: NEURO ONLY

26
Q

Alfalfa and white clover are considered to be a part of what glycoside?

A

Phytoestrogens

27
Q

What does what clover cause?

A

Infertility in males and females

28
Q

Which plants have volatile oils that are released by hydrolysis causing GI/Derm signs?

A

Ameomone and hellbows

29
Q

What kind of glycoside is the braken fern?

A

Ptaquiloside

30
Q

What are some effects of braken fern ingestion?

A

Retinal degeneration (sheep), aplastic anemia, enzootic bovine hematuria, tumors (GI/bladder)

31
Q

What are the three steroidal saponins?

A

Agavae, grass and mother tongue

32
Q

How do steroidal saponins work in the body?

A

Can’t eliminate phylloerythrin causing photosensitization (secondary)

33
Q

What plant is considered to be a gossypol?

A

Cottenseed

34
Q

What is the MOA of cottenseed?

A

Chronic ingestion leads to cardiac problems with secondary liver damage and also destroys seminiferous tubules leading to infertility in males

35
Q

T/F: Cottenseed is the only free toxin

A

True

36
Q

What three things does cottenseed bind to?

A

Fe, protein and AA

RUSVM Tox '18 (22 decks)

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