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RUSVM Tox '18 > Alkaloid Plants > Flashcards

Alkaloid Plants Flashcards

1
Q

What type of alkaloid is the Lily considered to be?

A

Colchicine

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2
Q

What is the MOA of Lily (colchicine alkaloid) in the animal?

A

Antimitotic in all cells (ESPECIALLY RAPIDLY DIVIDING CELLS)

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3
Q

Monkshade is considered to be what kind of alkaloid?

A

Diterpine alkloid (buttercup family)

To remember this one I think of powerpuff girls- “Buttercup was always fighting the evil monkey so they wouldn’t die”

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4
Q

How does the monkshade plant cause stiffness, bloating, recumbency and CV arrhythmias?

A

This works by nicotinic blockade at the muscle endplate

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5
Q

What is a specific tx for monkshade toxicity?

A

Physostigmine

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6
Q

What is the difference in CS for acute vs. chronic ergot alkaloid toxicity?

A

Acute: CNS
Chronic: vasoconstriction –> gangrene, abortion, hoof and hair loss (looks like chronic Se)

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7
Q

What are the two main examples of indolizidine alkaloids?

A

Locoweed and milkvetches

“There are LOCO dairy(milkvetches) farmers in INDiana”

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8
Q

MOA of milkvetches and locoweed

A

Inhibition of lysosomal enzymes –> decrease glycoproteins –> decrease ATP

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9
Q

What are the two metabolites found to be associated with indolizidine alkaloids?

A

Nitropropanolol and Se

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10
Q

What do Nitropropanolol and Se cause when milkvetches and locoweed are ingested?

A 
Nitropropanolol= neuronal degeneration
Selenium= hoof/hair (chronic) and GI (acute)
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11
Q

What type of alkaloid are narcissus, spider/kaffir lily and daphadil considered?

A

Lycorine

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12
Q

How do lycorine alkaloids act in the body?

A

Emetic/purgative effect

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13
Q

What part of the lycorine alkaloids are most toxic?

A

BULB

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14
Q

What are the CS you see with narcissus, spider/kaffir lily and daphadil?

A

GI, +/- salivation, +/- hypotension

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15
Q

What is the plant that is considered to be a muscarine alkaloid?

A

Poisonous mushroom

“Mario has to jump over mushrooms”

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16
Q

How do poisonous mushrooms act in the body?

A

CNS signs due to muscarinic stimulation

17
Q

What can be used to Tx poisonous mushroom effects?

A

Atropine

18
Q

Hemlock, lupines and tobacco are considered to be what kind of alkaloid?

A

Piperidine

“You smoke tobacco through a pipe”

19
Q

What is special about piperidine alkaloids in terms of MOA?

A

These plants have both nicotinic stimulation AND blockade

20
Q

What are the CNS and fetal signs that are seen with piperidine alkaloids?

A

CNS- ataxia and “saw horse stance”

Fetal- can’t move causing malformation (cleft palate and skeletal muscle damage)

21
Q

What plant is considered to be both piperidine and pyridine alkaloid?

A

Tobacco

22
Q

What is the major pyrrolizidine alkaloid that Shokry wants us to know?

A

RATTLEBOX (senecio, groundsel, ragwort are also examples)

“Shake, rattle (RATTLEbox) and roll (pyrROLizidine)”

23
Q

What are the effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the body?

A

Hepatotoxicity and encephalopathy (CNS and LIVER damage)

24
Q

T/F: Rattlebox worsens copper toxicity?

A

TRUE

25
Q

What is the family in the solanine/solanidine alkaloid class?

A

Nightshade family- tomato and eggplant

“At night I put my curtains down to block the solar rays”

26
Q

When are tomatoes and eggplants considered to be toxic?

A

When they are immature (green)

27
Q

What systems are affected with solanidine alkaloid toxicity?

A

GI, CNS, Resp and Cardiac

28
Q

What plant is considered to be a taxine alkaloid and associated CS?

A

Japenese yew- GI and cardiac effects

“Taxes are so high in Japan that they give me arrhythmias and stomach aches”

29
Q

What alkaloid type are trumpets, henbane and jimsonweed plants considered to be a part of?

A

Tropane

30
Q

What are the three metabolites in tropane alkaloid plants?

A

Atropine, hyoscine and hyoscyamine

31
Q

What are the effects of tropane alkaloids in the body?

A

GI/CNS stimulaiton

32
Q

What is the antidote for tropane alkaloids?

A

Physostigmine

33
Q

What are the two most important xanthine alkaloids?

A

Cocoa and coffee

“I just think of xylitol when I read xanthine and cocoa and coffee can both have those inside of them”

34
Q

What is the MOA of xanthine alkaloids?

A

Block adenosine receptors inhibiting phosphodiesterase causing arrest, seizures and hyperglycemia

35
Q

The release of catecholamines in xanthine alkaloids causes what signs?

A

Bronchodilation/hypotension and fever

36
Q

The increased amount of Ca/cAMP with xanthine alkaloid toxicosis causes what?

A

CNS stim, tremors and tachycardia

37
Q

What is the tx for xanthine alkaloids?

A

Propanolol

RUSVM Tox '18 (22 decks)

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