Alkaloid Plants Flashcards
What type of alkaloid is the Lily considered to be?
Colchicine
What is the MOA of Lily (colchicine alkaloid) in the animal?
Antimitotic in all cells (ESPECIALLY RAPIDLY DIVIDING CELLS)
Monkshade is considered to be what kind of alkaloid?
Diterpine alkloid (buttercup family)
To remember this one I think of powerpuff girls- “Buttercup was always fighting the evil monkey so they wouldn’t die”
How does the monkshade plant cause stiffness, bloating, recumbency and CV arrhythmias?
This works by nicotinic blockade at the muscle endplate
What is a specific tx for monkshade toxicity?
Physostigmine
What is the difference in CS for acute vs. chronic ergot alkaloid toxicity?
Acute: CNS
Chronic: vasoconstriction –> gangrene, abortion, hoof and hair loss (looks like chronic Se)
What are the two main examples of indolizidine alkaloids?
Locoweed and milkvetches
“There are LOCO dairy(milkvetches) farmers in INDiana”
MOA of milkvetches and locoweed
Inhibition of lysosomal enzymes –> decrease glycoproteins –> decrease ATP
What are the two metabolites found to be associated with indolizidine alkaloids?
Nitropropanolol and Se
What do Nitropropanolol and Se cause when milkvetches and locoweed are ingested?
Nitropropanolol= neuronal degeneration Selenium= hoof/hair (chronic) and GI (acute)
What type of alkaloid are narcissus, spider/kaffir lily and daphadil considered?
Lycorine
How do lycorine alkaloids act in the body?
Emetic/purgative effect
What part of the lycorine alkaloids are most toxic?
BULB
What are the CS you see with narcissus, spider/kaffir lily and daphadil?
GI, +/- salivation, +/- hypotension
What is the plant that is considered to be a muscarine alkaloid?
Poisonous mushroom
“Mario has to jump over mushrooms”
How do poisonous mushrooms act in the body?
CNS signs due to muscarinic stimulation
What can be used to Tx poisonous mushroom effects?
Atropine
Hemlock, lupines and tobacco are considered to be what kind of alkaloid?
Piperidine
“You smoke tobacco through a pipe”
What is special about piperidine alkaloids in terms of MOA?
These plants have both nicotinic stimulation AND blockade
What are the CNS and fetal signs that are seen with piperidine alkaloids?
CNS- ataxia and “saw horse stance”
Fetal- can’t move causing malformation (cleft palate and skeletal muscle damage)
What plant is considered to be both piperidine and pyridine alkaloid?
Tobacco
What is the major pyrrolizidine alkaloid that Shokry wants us to know?
RATTLEBOX (senecio, groundsel, ragwort are also examples)
“Shake, rattle (RATTLEbox) and roll (pyrROLizidine)”
What are the effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the body?
Hepatotoxicity and encephalopathy (CNS and LIVER damage)
T/F: Rattlebox worsens copper toxicity?
TRUE
What is the family in the solanine/solanidine alkaloid class?
Nightshade family- tomato and eggplant
“At night I put my curtains down to block the solar rays”
When are tomatoes and eggplants considered to be toxic?
When they are immature (green)
What systems are affected with solanidine alkaloid toxicity?
GI, CNS, Resp and Cardiac
What plant is considered to be a taxine alkaloid and associated CS?
Japenese yew- GI and cardiac effects
“Taxes are so high in Japan that they give me arrhythmias and stomach aches”
What alkaloid type are trumpets, henbane and jimsonweed plants considered to be a part of?
Tropane
What are the three metabolites in tropane alkaloid plants?
Atropine, hyoscine and hyoscyamine
What are the effects of tropane alkaloids in the body?
GI/CNS stimulaiton
What is the antidote for tropane alkaloids?
Physostigmine
What are the two most important xanthine alkaloids?
Cocoa and coffee
“I just think of xylitol when I read xanthine and cocoa and coffee can both have those inside of them”
What is the MOA of xanthine alkaloids?
Block adenosine receptors inhibiting phosphodiesterase causing arrest, seizures and hyperglycemia
The release of catecholamines in xanthine alkaloids causes what signs?
Bronchodilation/hypotension and fever
The increased amount of Ca/cAMP with xanthine alkaloid toxicosis causes what?
CNS stim, tremors and tachycardia
What is the tx for xanthine alkaloids?
Propanolol
