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Pharmacy > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

0
Q

Essential amino acids obtain from diet

A

Histidine-for growth

Taurine-for vision&hearing

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1
Q

Carbohydrates

A

50% of total calories

Lactose primarily

Preterm, African American , Asian lactase deficient

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2
Q

Lipids

A

Do not restrict fats

Needed for rapid brain development
In first 2 years

Linoleic acid needed

DHA, ARA polyunsaturated fatty acids
For brain and eye development, especially for premature

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3
Q

Galactooligosaccarides

A

Good for beneficial flora growth

May increase diarrhea, flatulence

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4
Q

Preterm supplementation

A

Give multivitamin and minerals

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5
Q

Vitamin D

A

400 IU/day

Concern if 3rd birth
Dark skin
Sun exposure

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6
Q

Iron

A

Deficient at 1 year old.

Fe stores exhausted at 6 months

Give iron-fortified cereal/elemental

VitC enhances Fe absorption

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7
Q

Breastfeed

A

Exclusively for first 6 months

Mother child bond
Better school performance
Cost effective
Decrease risk of obesity, diabetes, asthma, cancer, infections

IgA, lactoferrin, lysozymes

Risk transmission of drugs&diseases

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8
Q

Milk based formulas

A

Nonfat cow milk
Vegetable oil (corn, sunflower for better fat absorption)
Lactose CHO

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9
Q

Soy based formula

A

Vegetarian families
Lactose intolerant
IgE allergy to cows milk

High renal solute load
Aluminum may lead to osteopenia
Manganese may lead to neuro sympts

Not for protein induced enteropathy, preterm infants, cystic fibrosis

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10
Q

Pre-thickened milk based formula

A

Infants with GERD
Thickened with maltodextrin and amylopectin

100x viscous in stomach to keep contents in stomach

Can give H2RA or PPI

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11
Q

Casein hydrolysate-based formula

A

For milk protein enteropathy

Hypoallergenic
Medium chain triglycerides MCTs!

Expensive

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12
Q

Enfamil pregestimil

A

Hydroxylate formula/MCT

For Short bowel syndrome
Steatorrhea
Cystic fibrosis

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13
Q

Enfamil nutramigen

A

Hydrosylate formula with amino acids

For Protein allergy
Severe diarrhea

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14
Q

Similac alimentum

A

Hydrosylate formula

For pancreatic insufficiency including cystic fibrosis

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15
Q

Amino acid based

A

If intolerant to casein-hydrolysate formulas

Hypoallergenic with 100% free amino acids

16
Q

Milk fortifiers

A

For low birth weight infants

Added protein, calcium, phosphorus

Add to breast milk for premature

17
Q

Underfeeding

A

Restless, crying, failure to gain weight

Constipation, can’t sleep, dry wrinkled skin

18
Q

Overfeeding

A

Regurgitation, vomiting, diarrhea

19
Q

Satiety signs

A

4-12: draw head from nipple, falls asleep, bites nipple

16-24 weeks: fusses or cries
Obstructs mouth with hands

20
Q

Feedings

A

6-8 in first month

3-4 after 4 months

Quantity of milk/feeding increases with age

21
Q

Formula preparation

A

Wash hands and tops of formula cans

Boil well water for 5 minutes and cool

Run tap water for 2 minutes to clear lead from pipes

Test temperature on back of hand

Shake bottle before feeding

Can store unused/ready-to-use in refrigerator for up to 48 hours

22
Q

Too concentrated

A

Diarrhea
Hypernatremia
Renal failure

23
Q

Too diluted

A

Irritability
Hyponatremia
Coma/brain damage

24
Q

4-7 months

A

Introduce fruits
Cereals
Vegetables

25
Q

7-10 months

A

Mashed fruits and vegetables

Finely cut and chopped meat and poultry

26
Q

9-12 months

A

Soft combo foods
Casseroles, Mac and cheese
Spaghetti
Yogurt

27
Q

1-2 years

A

Drink whole cow milk

Do not use in first year or else
Iron deficiency anemia
Impaired development
High renal solute load

2% if >2 years (no fat restrictions until 2 years)

28
Q

Year 2

A

Reduction of caloric intake due to decelerating rate of growth

Likes and dislikes form

29
Q

Poor eating habits for children

A

Poor hygiene, sleep, insufficient meal time (allow 10-20min at table)

Causes fatigue, limited attention span and poor performance in school

Pale complexion, susceptible to infection

30
Q

Good eating habits

A

10-20 minutes at the table, not playing or walking

Offer milk instead of juice if thirsty

Whole milk until 2 years old

31
Q

Overweight

A

85-95% BMI percentile

Or 30kg/m2

32
Q

Obese

A

BMI>95%

> 30kg/m2

33
Q

Infant vitals

A

Faster respiratory and heart rate

Lower blood pressure 80/45 +/- 15

34
Q

Fever

A

Oral>99.5F or 37.5C

Rectal>100.4 or 38C

35
Q

Sleep position

A

Remove all fluffy and loose bedding

Keep baby’s face uncovered

36
Q

Teething

A

6-36 months

Restless, thumb sucking, decreased appetite

Give alcohol free topical anesthetic
Benzocaine baby gel

Chew on firm object wrapped in soft cloth

37
Q

Parents avoid smoking

A

Increased sudden infant death syndrome

Ear infection
Asthma
Allergy
Lower respiratory infection

Pharmacy (63 decks)

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