HTN, Diabetes Nutrition

Question 0

Biguanide

Answer 0

Metformin

Decrease liver glucose production

Question 1

Sulfonylureas

Answer 1

Glipizide, glybyride

Stimulate insulin secretion from pancreas

Question 2

Thiazolidinediones

Answer 2

Pioglitazone

Decrease insulin resistance
Increase glucose uptake

Question 3

Alpha glucosidase inhibitor

Answer 3

Delay carbohydrate metabolism

acarbose

Question 4

Exercise

Answer 4

Enhances insulin sensitivity

Improves blood lipids, increase HDL, blood pressure

Question 5

Indicators of metabolic syndrome

Increased risk of CVD

Answer 5

Abdominal obesity
Insulin resistance
High blood pressure 
High triglyceride
Low HDL

Question 6

Omega 6

Answer 6

Lower Sat fat, LDL

Corn, soybean

Question 7

Omega 3

Answer 7

Decrease TG, lower BP
Fish (DHA, EPA)
Flax seed, soy oil, walnuts (ALA)

Question 8

Diagnose diabetes

Answer 8

Fasting > 126
Random glucose >200
HgbA1C>6.5%

Question 9

Diabetes maintence

Answer 9

Maintain blood glucose
Lipids
Blood pressure

Question 10

HgbA1C goal

Answer 10

7.0-7.9%

Question 11

CHO exchange

Answer 11

Starch - also protein
Fruit
Milk - also protein

Question 12

Conventional insulin therapy

Answer 12

Fixed
Mix rapid and intermediate
Day to day CHO consistency
Diet controlled 
Frequently hyperglycemic
Affected by sleep, exercise, skipping
Breakfast high basal

Question 13

Intensive insulin therapy

Answer 13

Flexible, better control
Basal insulin plus a bolus of rapid acting insulin at meals
Insulin can be adjusted before meals
Significantly decreases HgbA1C

Multiple injects and frequent blood glucose monitoring

Increased incidence of hypoglycemia and weight gain

Question 14

Total insulin daily dose

Answer 14

0.6 units/kg
0.2U/kg NPH breakfast
0.1U/kg NPH bedtime
1U every 15g CHO (exchange)

Question 15

Ketoacidosis

Answer 15

Type 1 diabetes

Question 16

Acute illness (sick day)

Answer 16

Lowers blood sugar levels

Need 200g CHO