Antibacterials

Question 0

Trimethoprim

Answer 0

Dihydrofolate reductase

Synergistic with sulfamethoxazole

Question 1

Sulfonamides

Answer 1

Dihydropteroate synthase

Inhibit folic acid production by mimicking PABA

Bacteriostatic

Question 2

Ciprofloxacin

Answer 2

Fluoroquinolone
Targets DNA gyrase, topoisomerase

Broad spectrum of activity including p. aeruginosa
Contraindicated with antacids and dairy

Question 3

Gemifloxacin

Answer 3

Fluoroquinolone

Improved activity against ciprofloxacin resistant strept pneumoniae

Question 4

Nitrofurantoin

Answer 4

Effective for uncomplicated urinary tract infection, especially E. coli

Avoid in renal dysfunction

Question 5

Beta lactams

Answer 5

Target: penicillin binding protein

Disrupt d-ala cross linking and disrupt bacterial cell wall biosynthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis

Question 6

Vancomycin

Answer 6

Orally treats clostridium difficile
IV treats MRSA and other gram (+)

Adverse effect - red man syndrome

Question 7

TMP/SMX

Answer 7

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole combination

Drug interaction with warfarin
May cause rash

Question 8

Augmentin

Answer 8

Combo of clavulanic acid and amoxicillin

Inhibits beta lactamase activity

Question 9

Cefepime

Answer 9

Cephalosporin

Broadest spectrum, including pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 10

Ceftaroline

Answer 10

Broad spectrum including MRSA activity

Question 11

Carbapenems

Answer 11

Most potent and broadest spectrum of all beta lactam antibiotics (penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems)
Only antibiotic effective against extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) gram (-)
Iminipenem/cilastatin combo

Question 12

Imipenem and cilastatin

Answer 12

Broadest spectrum antibiotic available (reserved for special circumstances)

Not oral

Question 13

Macrolides and ketolides

Answer 13

For gram (+) respiratory tract infections

Potential CYP P450 inhibition except for azithromycin

Bind to 50s block AP peptide elongation

Methoxy group improves stability against internal ketalization

Question 14

Tetracycline

Answer 14

Four infused six membered rings
Amphoteric (basic + acidic components)

Inhibit aminoacyl t-RNA. Terminate protein synthesis

Glycylamido (tigecycline) prevents resistance efflux

Question 15

Aminoglycosides

Answer 15

Caution risk of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

Gentamicin, tobramycin. Amikacin

Gram neg activity, including pseudomonas

Caution high troughs
Once daily dosing: high peak low trough for <1 week

Synergistic w/ beta lactams in separate arms/tissue

Question 16

Penicillin G

Answer 16

Syphilis

Anti strept

Question 17

Piperacillin/tazobactam

Answer 17

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 18

Synercid

Streptogramins

Answer 18

30:70

Quinupristin:dalfopristin

Question 19

Lincosamide

Answer 19

Clindamycin

Anaerobe activity (b. fragilis)

Question 20

Linezolid

Answer 20

Prevent formation of 70s ribosomal complex

MRSA, VRE, strept pneumoniae activity

Caution bone marrow suppression

Question 21

Metronidazole

Answer 21

Gut anaerobes - Clostridium Difficile

Prodrug w/ Free radical mechanism of damage

Question 22

Daptomycin

Answer 22

Gram (+) bacteria, MRSA, VRE

Bind to membrane. Leak intracellular ions

Question 23

Ceftriaxone

Answer 23

Gram (-) anaerobe activity

Question 24

Carbapenems resistance enterobactericeae (CRE)

Answer 24

Colistin

Tigecycline

Question 25

Antistaphylococcal penicillin

Answer 25

Nafcillin, dicloxacillin

Question 26

Amoxicillin, ampicillin

Answer 26

Effective against gram (-)

Activity improved with beta lactamase inhibitor

Question 27

Mupirocin

Answer 27

Target: isoleucyl t-RNA synthetase