Pathway4_6 Flashcards
du‧bi‧ous / ˈdjuːbiəs $ ˈduː- / adjective /honesty/
highly dubious
1 probably not honest, true, right etc: مشکوک
- The firm was accused of dubious accounting practices.*
- Many critics regard this argument as dubious or, at best, misleading.*
- The assumption that growth in one country benefits the whole world is highly dubious.*
du‧bi‧ous / ˈdjuːbiəs $ ˈduː- / adjective 2 [not before noun] /doubtful/
dubious about
looking dubious.
not sure whether something is good or true SYN doubtful:
- I can see you are dubious; take some time to think about it.*
- Some universities are dubious about accepting students over the age of 30.*
- ‘Are you sure you know what you are doing?’ Andy said, looking dubious.*
du‧bi‧ous / ˈdjuːbiəs $ ˈduː- / adjective 3 the dubious honour/distinction/pleasure (of doing something)
had the dubious honor
— dubiously adverb
— dubiousness noun [uncountable]
a dubious honour etc. is the opposite of an honour – used about something unpleasant that happens:
The Stephensons had the dubious honor of being the 100th family to lose their home in the fire.
suspicious
dubious
shady
shifty
suspicious if someone or something seems suspicious, they make you think that something dishonest or illegal is happening: The police are treating the boy’s death as suspicious.
dubious if something seems dubious, you think it may not be completely true, right, or honest: He has a rather dubious reputation. | It all sounds highly dubious to me. | the country’s dubious record on human rights
shady shady business deals or people seem to be dishonest or connected with secret and illegal activities: Several senior members of the party had been involved in shady deals. | a shady character
shifty: someone who looks shifty looks as if they are doing or planning something dishonest: The man on the market stall looked a bit shifty when he gave me my change.
hawk verb 1 [transitive] /sell/
to try to sell goods, usually by going from place to place and trying to persuade people to buy them دوره گردی
hawk 2 verb [intransitive and transitive] /cough/
to cough up phlegm (خلط)
سینه صاف کردن
hawk noun
شاهین
e‧lix‧ir / ɪˈlɪksə $ -ər / noun [countable] literary
1 a magical liquid that is supposed to cure people of illness, make them younger etc: اکسیر، کیمیا
the search for the elixir of life
2 something that is supposed to solve problems as if by magic:
The current new wave of technology should prove an economic elixir.
in‧sight AC / ˈɪnsaɪt / noun 1 [countable]
insight into
give insight
provide insights
a sudden clear understanding of something or part of something, especially a complicated situation or idea بصیرت، بینش، فهم
- The article gives us a real insight into the causes of the present economic crisis.*
- The research provides new insights into the way we process language.*
in‧sight AC / ˈɪnsaɪt / noun 2 [uncountable]
the ability to understand and realize what people or situations are really like: بصیرت
a woman of great insight
mal‧a‧dy / ˈmælədi / noun (plural maladies) [countable]
1 formal a serious problem in society فساد اجتماعی
2 old use an illness
ul‧ti‧mate‧ly W3 AC / ˈʌltəmətli, ˈʌltɪmətli / adverb [sentence adverb]
finally, after everything else has been done or considered نهایتاً
- Ultimately, the decision rests with the child’s parents.*
- a long but ultimately successful campaign*
vi‧brant / ˈvaɪbrənt / adjective
— vibrancy noun [uncountable]
— vibrantly adverb
1 full of activity or energy in a way that is exciting and attractive SYN lively: پر جنب و جوش، سرزنده و شاداب
- Hong Kong is a vibrant, fascinating city.*
- She was sixteen, young and vibrant.*
vi‧brant / ˈvaɪbrənt / adjective 2 a vibrant colour is ?
bright and strong:
a painting full of vibrant reds and blues
con‧fer AC / kənˈfɜː $ -ˈfɜːr / verb (past tense and past participle conferred, present participle conferring) formal 1 [intransitive]
confer with
to discuss something with other people, so that everyone can express their opinions and decide on something مطرح کردن
Franklin leant over and conferred with his attorneys.
2 confer a title/degree/honour etc. on/upon
conferment
confer a title/degree/honour etc. on/upon
to officially give someone a title etc, especially as a reward for something they have achieved SYN bestow اعطا، تفویض
An honorary degree was conferred on him by the University.
give
donate
award
present
leave (also bequeath / bɪˈkwiːð, bɪˈkwiːθ / formal)
lavish somebody with something/lavish something on somebody formal
confer formal
bestow formal
give to let someone have something, without expecting to be paid for it:
He was always giving me gifts. | They gave a free drink to all their customers.
donate to give money to an organization that helps people or protects something, or to give your blood or part of your body to save someone’s life:
The company donates 1 per cent of its profits to charity. | 70% of people wanted to donate their organs after death.
award to officially give money or a prize to someone:
She was awarded a million dollars in damages. | Hollywood awarded him an Oscar for his performance.
present to formally or officially give something to someone by putting it in their hands, especially at a formal ceremony:
They presented her with a bouquet (دسته گل) of flowers.
leave (also bequeath / bɪˈkwiːð, bɪˈkwiːθ / formal) (وقف کردن) to officially arrange for someone to have something that you own after your death:
He left most of his property to his wife.
lavish somebody with something/lavish something on somebody formal to give someone a lot of something, especially praise, attention, or gifts: حال غلیظ دادن
After his team won, the press lavished him with praise.
confer formal (اعطا کردن) to give someone an honour, a university degree, or the right or power to do something:
the powers conferred on him by Parliament | the highest honor that her country could confer on her
bestow formal (اعطا کردن) to give someone something to show how much they are respected, for example an honour, a title, or a gift – a very formal use:
He was also bestowed the title of’Cultural Ambassador of Grenada’.
stun‧ning / ˈstʌnɪŋ / adjective
— stunningly adverb:
a stunningly beautiful woman
1 extremely attractive or beautiful: خیره کننده، خیلی جذاب
- You look absolutely stunning in that dress.*
- a stunning view*
2 very surprising or shocking SYN staggering:
stunning news
stag‧ger‧ing / ˈstæɡ ə rɪŋ / adjective
— staggeringly adverb :
a staggeringly beautiful landscape
extremely great or surprising SYN amazing: خیلی زیاد
- The cost was a staggering $10 million.*
- The financial impact on the town was staggering.*
surprising
astonishing/astounding
extraordinary
amazing
staggering
unbelievable ( also incredible )
surprising making you feel surprised: It’s surprising how quickly you get used to it. | We got some very surprising results.
astonishing/astounding very surprising. شگفت انگیز Astounding sounds a little more formal and a little stronger than astonishing: The results of the tests were astounding. | Things are changing at an astonishing speed.
extraordinary very unusual and surprising: خارق العاده، فوق العاده It is extraordinary that such a young boy should be so good at maths.
amazing very surprising شگفت انگیز– used especially about good or impressive things: an amazing achievement | It’s amazing what you can do when you really try.
staggering very surprising, especially by being so large: The project cost a staggering $8 million.
unbelievable ( also incredible ) so surprising that you can hardly believe it: It is unbelievable that she is only the same age as me. | The incredible thing is that he thinks he is ugly.
breath‧tak‧ing / ˈbreθˌteɪkɪŋ / adjective
— breathtakingly adverb
very impressive, exciting, or surprising: هیجان انگیز-مهیج
- The view from my bedroom window was absolutely breathtaking.*
- an act of breathtaking arrogance (تکبر و غرور)*
led‧ger / ˈledʒə $ -ər / noun [countable]
a book in which a business, bank etc. records how much money it receives and spends دفتر کل
record
file
accounts (also books informal)
ledger
minutes / ˈmɪnəts, ˈmɪnɪts /
diary
blog
register
roll
log
record information about something that is written down:
your medical records | the public records office | I have to keep a record of all my spending when I’m travelling on business.
file a set of written records, or information stored on a computer under a particular name:
He began reading the file on the case. | I think I may have accidentally deleted the file.
accounts (also books informal) (تراز مالی) an exact record of the money that a company has received and spent:
Companies are required by law to publish their annual accounts. | Someone had been falsifying the accounts. | The company’s books all seemed to be in order.
ledger (دفتر کل) one of the official books in which a company’s financial records are kept, which show how much it has received and spent:
The costs have been moved from one column of the ledger to another.
minutes (صورت جلسه) an official written record of what is said and decided at a meeting:
Both points are mentioned in the minutes of the last meeting on August 3rd.
diary (دفتر خاطرات) a book in which you regularly write down the things that have happened to you: In his diary he wrote,’It s lovely having him here, we’ve had so many cosy (راحت، دنج و گرم و نرم هم معنی میده) talks.’ | I’ll just check in my diary to see if I’m free.
blog a web page on the Internet on which someone regularly writes about their life, opinions, or a particular subject:
I may not always agree with David, but I always read his blog.
register (دفتر ثبت) an official list of names of people, organizations etc:
Guests must sign the hotel register. | the national register of births, deaths, and marriages | Lloyds Register of Shipping
roll an official list of names, especially of people who are allowed to do something such as vote or be in a class at school:
the electoral roll (= list of people who can vote in an area) | The teacher called the roll (= read out the list of the names of the students, who then have to say if they are present). electoral= related to انتخابات
log an official record that is kept on a ship or plane: Mr Appleby said he complained to a senior officer, who made a note in the ship’s log.
cha‧os / ˈkeɪ-ɒs $ -ɑːs / noun [uncountable]
complete/utter (مطلق)/absolute etc. chaos
in chaos
1 a situation in which everything is happening in a confused way and nothing is organized or arranged in order: هرج و مرج، بی نظمی کامل
- The country was plunged (غرق شدن) into economic chaos.*
- There was total chaos on the roads.*
in chaos
The kitchen was in chaos.
cha‧os / ˈkeɪ-ɒs $ -ɑːs / noun [uncountable] /universe/
the state of the universe before there was any order
cause/create/bring chaos
end in chaos
be thrown/plunged into chaos
descend/slip into chaos
be on the brink of chaos
chaos ensues
chaos reigns
cause/create/bring chaos Snow has caused chaos on the roads this morning.
end in chaos The game ended in chaos with thunder and heavy rain.
be thrown/plunged into chaos A serious accident has thrown the roads into chaos.
descend (فرو رفتن)/slip (لیز خوردن) into chaos (= gradually become completely confused and disorganized) After the invasion, the country lapsed into chaos.
be on the brink (مرز) of chaos (= to be about to become completely confused and disorganized) The peace talks were on the brink of chaos.
chaos ensues (= it happens as a result of something) A decade of civil war and chaos ensued.
en‧sue / ɪnˈsjuː $ ɪnˈsuː / verb [intransitive] formal منتج شدن
to happen after or as a result of something SYN follow
ensue from
problems that ensue from food and medical shortages
chaos reigns (حکم فرما شدن) (= it happens) Everyone was trying to talk at once and for a while chaos reigned.
total/complete chaos
utter chaos
economic/political/social etc. chaos
traffic chaos
total/complete chaos When we arrived, there was total chaos.
utter chaos (= total chaos) After the party, the whole house was in utter chaos.
economic/political/social etc. chaos Afterwards there was widespread famine and economic chaos.
traffic chaos (= when there are a lot of vehicles on the roads and they cannot move) The first day of the school holidays brought traffic chaos to the roads.
a state of chaos
a scene of chaos
chaos and confusion
a state of chaos Nick’s bedroom is permanently in a state of chaos.
a scene of chaos I came home to a scene of chaos, with food and empty bottles everywhere.
chaos and confusion Heavy flooding has created chaos and confusion throughout the country.
town‧ship / ˈtaʊnʃɪp / noun [countable]
a town in Canada or the US that has some local government
comb 2 verb [transitive] /hair/
to make hair look tidy using a comb: شانه کردن
Melanie ran upstairs to comb her hair.
comb 2 verb [transitive] /search/
2 to search a place thoroughly
comb something for somebody/something
Police are still combing the woods for the missing boy.
comb something ↔ out phrasal verb
to use a comb to make untidy hair look smooth and tidy:
She sat combing out her hair in front of the kitchen mirror.
comb through something phrasal verb /search/
to search through a lot of objects or information in order to find a specific thing or piece of information:
We spent weeks combing through huge piles of old documents.
com‧pile AC / kəmˈpaɪl / verb [transitive] /make/
compile something from/for something
1 to make a book, list, record etc, using different pieces of information, music etc. گردآوری
The document was compiled by the Department of Health The report was compiled from a survey of 5,000 households.
com‧pile AC / kəmˈpaɪl / verb [transitive] 2 technical /PC/
to put a set of instructions into a computer in a form that it can understand and use
frail‧ty / ˈfreɪlti / noun (plural frailties)1 [uncountable]
the lack of strength or health SYN weakness سستی، ضعف
frailty of
the frailty of her thin body
frail‧ty / ˈfreɪlti / noun (plural frailties) 2 [uncountable and countable] /character/
something bad or weak in your character SYN weakness:
human frailties نقطه ضعف
set something ↔ aside phrasal verb
1 to keep something, especially money, time, or a particular area, for a special purpose کنار گذاشتن
set something ↔ aside for
- Try to set aside some time each day for exercise.*
- a room that had been set aside for visitors*
set forth phrasal verb
1 set something ↔ forth formal to explain ideas, facts, or opinions in a clearly organized way in writing or in a speech SYN set out: توضیح کامل دادن
He set forth an idealistic view of society.
2 literary to begin a journey: پا به سفر گذاشتن
They were about to set forth on a voyage into the unknown.
