400Word_1

Question 1

abandon / əˈbændən / verb [transitive]

Answer 1

1. to leave someone, especially someone you are responsible for ; How could she abandon her own child? ; We had to abandon the car and walk the rest of the way. Fearing further attacks, most of the population had abandoned the city.
2. to stop doing something because there are too many problems and it is impossible to continue: The game had to be abandoned due to bad weather. They abandoned their attempt to recapture the castle. Because of the fog they abandoned their idea of driving. Rescuers had abandoned all hope of finding any more survivors.abandon ship

Question 2

adverse / ˈædvɜːs $ -ɜːrs / adjective

Answer 2

not good or favourable : They fear it could have an adverse effect on global financial markets; The expedition was abandoned because of adverse weather conditions; developments which had adversely affected their business

Question 3

in the aggregate / ˈæɡrɪɡət, ˈæɡrɪɡɪt / noun formal

Answer 3

In the aggregate (= as a group or in total ) , women outlive men by 7 or more years.

the aggregate sum/number … of سرجمع

Question 4

cultivation / ˌkʌltəˈveɪʃ ə n, ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃ ə n / noun [uncountable]

Answer 4

the preparation and use of land for growing crops:کشت و کار

soil cultivation ; These fields have been under cultivation (= used for growing crops ) for years. cultivation of tobacco

Question 5

fertilize / ˈfɜːtəlaɪz, ˈfɜːtɪlaɪz $ ˈfɜːrtl-aɪz / verb [transitive]

Answer 5

1 to make new animal or plant life develop :After the egg has been fertilized, it will hatch in about six weeks. بارور شدن

2 to put fertilizer on the soil to make plants grow کود دادن

Question 6

intensify / ɪnˈtensəfaɪ, ɪnˈtensɪfaɪ / verb ( past tense and past participle intensified , present participle intensifying , third person singular intensifies ) an intensification of fighting in the region

Answer 6

In June the civil war intensified. His mother’s death intensified his loneliness. تشدید کردن

Question 7

irrigate / ˈɪrəɡeɪt, ˈɪrɪɡeɪt / verb [transitive]

Answer 7

1 to supply land or crops with water : The water in Lake Powell is used to irrigate the area. irigated land/farms/crops آب دادن زمین

2 technical to wash a wound with a flow of liquid شستشو دادن

Question 8

obtain / əbˈteɪn / verb formal 1 [transitive]

obtain something from somebody/something

Answer 8

to get something that you want, especially through your own effort, skill, or work SYN get ;

Further information can be obtained from head office.You will need to obtain permission from the principal. These conditions still obtain (if a situation, system, or rule obtains, it continues to exist)

Question 9

acquire formal

Answer 9

to get something – used about knowledge, skills, or something big or expensive : The course helps older people to acquire computing skills. | He acquired the property in 1985. بدست آوردن، خریدن خونه

Question 10

inherit

Answer 10

to get someone’s money or property after they die : Jo inherited a lot of money from her mother

Question 11

earn

Answer 11

to get something because you deserve it : He had earned a reputation as a peacemaker. | She earned a lot of respect from her colleagues.

Question 12

precipitation / prəˌsɪpəˈteɪʃ ə n, prɪˌsɪpəˈteɪʃ ə n / noun technical

Answer 12

rain, snow etc that falls on the ground, or the amount of rain, snow etc that falls بارش

Question 13

anticipate / ænˈtɪsəpeɪt, ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt / verb [transitive]

anticipate changes/developments /problems/difficulties/doing something

Answer 13

انتظار داشتن Sales are better than anticipated. By placing sensors in earthquake-prone areas, scientists can anticipate some tremors in time to warn the public;

Question 14

catastrophe / kəˈtæstrəfi / noun

environmental/nuclear/economic etc catastrophe

Answer 14

a terrible event in which there is a lot of destruction, suffering, or death SYN disaster

• The Black Sea is facing ecological catastrophe as a result of pollution.*
• The architect died in a catastrophic elevator accident*

Question 15

collide / kəˈlaɪd / verb [intransitive]

In everyday English, people usually say run into rather than collide with: Her car ran into the back of a truck

Answer 15

to hit something or someone that is moving in a different direction from you; A car and a van collided on the motorway.;

I ran around the corner, and almost collided with Mrs Laurence. Two trains collided head-on شاخ به شاخ شدن

Question 16

crash

Answer 16

to hit another vehicle, a tree, the ground etc, with a lot of force, causing a lot of damage : The plane crashed a kilometer from the runway (باند پرواز). | He was scared I’d crash his car. | The car crashed into a tree

Question 17

smash

Answer 17

to crash into something, causing a great amount of damage : An army helicopter smashed into the side of the mountain.

Question 18

plow into phrasal verb [transitive]

Answer 18

to crash into something with a lot of force, especially when your vehicle continues moving afterwards : The bus went out of control and plowed into a line of traffic

Question 19

erupt / ɪˈrʌpt / verb [intransitive]

Answer 19

if fighting, violence, noise etc erupts, it starts suddenly SYN break out: Violence erupted after police shot a student during the demonstration.; A political row erupted over the MP’s (Member of Parliment) comments.

Question 20

blow up 1 S2 W3 / bləʊ $ bloʊ / verb ( past tense blew / bluː / , past participle blown / bləʊn $ bloʊn / )

Answer 20

if a building, car, plane etc blows up, it bursts suddenly and violently into pieces, causing a lot of damage:ترکیدن

The plane blew up in mid-air, killing all the passengers and crew. | In early 1986, a US space shuttle blew up shortly after launch.

Question 21

burst verb [intransitive]

Answer 21

if something that has air or liquid inside it bursts, it explodes and the air or liquid comes out: One of the water pipes had burst. | The plane caught fire after its tyre burst on landing.

Question 22

famin / ˈfæmən, ˈfæmɪn / noun [uncountable and countable]

severe/widespread famin

facing famin

Answer 22

a situation in which a large number of people have little or no food for a long time and many people die قحطی ;

A million people are facing famin; Poor harvests led to famin. | 4,000,000 people are threatened by famin in northern Ethiopia

Question 23

hurricane / ˈhɜːrəkeɪn / noun [countable]

Answer 23

a storm that has very strong fast winds and that moves over water – used about storms in the North Atlantic Ocean: extreme weather such as hurricanes | hurricane Andrew left southern Florida in ruins.

Question 24

typhoon / ˌtaɪˈfuːn◂ / noun [countable]

Answer 24

a very violent tropical storm used about storms in the Western Pacific Ocean: A typhoon has hit the Philippines, lifting roofs off houses and uprooting trees.

Question 25

tsunami / tsʊˈnɑːmi / noun [countable]technical

Answer 25

a very large wave, caused by extreme conditions such as an earthquake, which can cause a lot of damage when it reaches land: Thousands of people were killed in the tsunami. | Many Pacific earthquakes have generated tsunamis.

Question 26

impact / ˈɪmpækt / noun

major/significant/profound/adverse/long-term etc impact

Answer 26

We need to assess the impact on/upon climate change. The speech about the importance of education made an impact on/upon me. اثر

Question 27

footprint

environmental footprint

carbon footprint

Answer 27

the effect that human activities have on the environment, caused by using up its natural resources, pollution, waste etc: Businesses all over the world must attempt to reduce their environmental footprint. | The house has a low carbon footprint

Question 28

persevere / ˌpɜːsəˈvɪə, ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪə $ ˌpɜːrsəˈvɪr / verb [intransitive]

persevered with

Answer 28

to continue trying to do something in a very determined way in spite of difficulties – use this to show approval: It can be tricky at first, but persevere. The hikers perseverd despite the bad weather and the icy trail. He persevered with his task until he had succeeded in collecting an armful of firewood. ثابت قدم موندن

Question 29

plunge 1 / plʌndʒ / verb

plunge off/into

Answer 29

to move, fall, or be thrown suddenly forwards or downwards; plunge off/into etc; افتادن

Her car swerved and plunged into the cliff; Both the climbers had plunged to their deaths; He jumped off the diving board and plunged into the pool; The value of the company’s stock plunged after its chief executive was arrested; if a price, rate etc plunges, it suddenly decreases by a large amount; The unemployment rate plunged sharply.

Question 30

unleash / ʌnˈliːʃ / verb [transitive]

Answer 30

to suddenly let a strong force, feeling etc have its full effect: رها کردن

Lefèvre’s comments unleashed a wave of protest. When they saw the strange man on their property, they unleashed their dogs.He is from such an unemotional family, he will never learn to unleash his feelings

Question 31

adapt / əˈdæpt / verb ​1 [intransitive and transitive]

adapt yourself/itself etc. (to something)

Answer 31

to gradually change your behaviour and attitudes in order to be successful in a new situation; adapt to; وفق پیدا کردن

Dinosaurs could not adapt to the warmer temperatures. The teacher adapted the exercises for his more advanced students. The children are finding it hard to adapt to the new school. flowers which are well adapted to harsh winters; The ability to adapt is a definite asset in this job.

How do these insects adapt themselves to new environments?

Question 32

adapt something to do something

adapt something for somebody

Answer 32

to change something to make it suitable for a different purpose;

The car has been adapted to take unleaded gas. These teaching materials can be adapted for older children.

Question 33

1 change

2 alter

3 adapt

4 adjust

Answer 33

1 to make someone or something different: Unfortunately, there’s nothing we can do to change the situation. | Being at college has changed her – she’s much more confident now.

2 especially written to change something so that it is better or more suitable: You can alter the color and size of the image using a remote control. | Can we alter the date of the meeting?

3 to change something slightly in order to improve it or make it more suitable: How much would it cost to adapt the existing equipment? | You can adapt the recipe to suit your own requirements.

4 to make small changes in the position or level of something in order to improve it or make it more suitable: How do you adjust the volume on the television? | He adjusted his tie in the mirror.

Question 34

diverse / daɪˈvɜːs $ dəˈvɜːrs, daɪ- / adjective

— diversely adverb

Usage tips An -ly adverb (e.g., linguistically) often comes before diverse.

Answer 34

very different from each other:

subjects as diverse as pop music and archaeology;

Question 35

evolve / ɪˈvɒlv $ ɪˈvɑːlv / verb [intransitive and transitive] /animal or plant/

Answer 35

if an animal or plant evolves, it changes gradually over a long period of time; تکامل پیدا کردن

Modern-day sharks evolved from their ancestor Eryops, which lived more than 200 million years ago; evolve from; Fish evolved from prehistoric sea creatures. Animals have evolved camouflage to protect themselves from predators.

Question 36

evolve / ɪˈvɒlv $ ɪˈvɑːlv / verb [intransitive and transitive]

evolve out of;

evolve into;

Answer 36

to develop and change gradually over a long period of time: به مرور تکامل پیدا کردن

• The school has evolved its own style of teaching. Businesses need to evolve rapidly.*
• The idea evolved out of work done by British scientists.*
• The group gradually evolved into a political party.*

Question 37

feature / ˈfiːtʃə $ -ər / noun [countable]

common feature

redeeming features

main/important/significant etc. feature

distinguishing features

Answer 37

a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical: Air bags are a standard feature in most new cars.

feature of; An important feature of Van Gogh’s paintings is their bright colors. Striped tails are a common feature of many animals. The hotel’s only redeeming features (= things that make it acceptable) were that it was cheap and near the city center.

The most distinctive feature of the dinosaurs was their size. One of the distinguishing features (= ?s that are different from other things of the same sort) of modern banking is its dependence on computers

Question 38

generation / ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃ ə n / noun

the younger/older generation

from generation to generation

hand something down from generation to generation;

pass something from one generation to the next

Answer 38

all people of about the same age: Like most of my generation, I had never known a war. In my generation the divorce rate is very high. the need to preserve the planet for generations

generation of; the post-war generation of writers

the younger/older generation (= the younger or older people in society) The younger generation don’t know what hard work is.

• The story has been handed down from generation to generation*
• Native Australians hand down stories and songs from*
• generation to generation*
• Traditional customs are passed from one generation to the next.*

Question 39

generation / ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃ ə n / noun

Answer 39

the average period of time between the birth of a person and the birth of that person’s children; for generations; Some families have lived here for generations. The country’s attitude toward government is harsher than it was a generations ago.

Question 40

generation / ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃ ə n / noun

Answer 40

the process of producing something or making something happen SYN production; generation of; the generation of electricity

Question 41

inherent / ɪnˈhɪrənt / adjective formal

— inherently adverb

Answer 41

a quality that is inherent in something is a natural part of it and cannot be separated from it; inherent in; قسمتی از

I’m afraid the problems you mention are inherent in the system. Every business has its own inherent risks. Firefighting is an inherent**ly dangerous occupation.

Question 42

migration n.

Usage tips Migration is often followed by to or from.

Parts of speech migrate v, migrant n, migratory adj

Answer 42

Movement from one place to another by a group of people or animals; The migration of farm workers from one state to the next depends primarily on the harvest.

Question 43

process n.

• Usage tips* Process is often followed by of plus the -ing form of a verb.
• Parts of speech* proceed v, process v

Answer 43

A series of steps leading to a result; To get a good job, most people go through a long process of letterwriting and interviews.

Question 44

survive / səˈvaɪv $ sər- / verb 1 [intransitive and transitive]

Answer 44

to continue to live after an accident, war, or illness: زنده ماندن

Only 12 of the 140 passengers survived. She survived the attack. people who survive cancer

Question 45

survive / səˈvaɪv $ sər- / verb

Answer 45

to continue to live normally in spite of many problems: I’m sure she will survive this crisis. I’ve had a tough few months, but I’ll survive.

Question 46

survive / səˈvaɪv $ sər- / verb

Answer 46

to manage to live a normal life even though you have very little money; survive on; I don’t know how you all manage to survive on Jeremy’s salary. the amount that a family needs each week just to survive

Question 47

constraint AC / kənˈstreɪnt / noun 1 [countable]

constraint on;

financial/environmental/political etc. constraints;

impose/place constraints on somebody/something;

Answer 47

something that limits your freedom to do what you want SYN restriction; محدودیت

• constraints on spending have forced the company to rethink its plans. the constraints of family life*
• There have been financial and political constraints on development.*

constraints imposed on teachers by large class sizes

Question 48

constraint / kənˈstreɪnt / noun 1 [countable]

financial/legal/economic etc. constraints;

time constraints

budget constraints

a major constraint

a serious/severe constraint

a tight constraint

an important constraint

Answer 48

control over the way people are allowed to behave, so that they cannot do what they want: freedom from constraint;

financial/legal/economic etc. constraints; During the war, there were many physical and social constraints on citizens.

time constraints (= the limited amount of time that is available) Exams are always done under strict time constraints.

budget constraints (= the limited amount of money that is available) With any new project, you have to be aware of the budget constraints.

a major constraint In Egypt, the shortage of land and water is a major constraint on agriculture.

a serious/severe constraint The country’s debts put serious constraints on its economic growth.

a tight constraint (= a strict limit) They were operating within tight financial constraints.

an important constraint Their religious beliefs were an important constraint on their behavior.

Question 49

impose constraints on sb/sth

place/put constraints on sb/sth

free sb/sth from constraints

Answer 49

impose constraints on sb/sth You have to work within the constraints that the software imposes.

place/put constraints on sb/sth Lack of funding is putting severe constraints on research.

free sb/sth from constraints Summer vacation is a time when children are freed from the constraints of routine.

Question 50

be subject to constraints

be free from constraints

given the constraints on sth

Answer 50

be subject to constraints (= be limited by them) Teachers are subject to the constraints of the examination system.

be free from constraints (= not be limited by them) No film producers are free from the constraints of censorship.

given the constraints on sth (= because there are particular constraints on something) Given the constraints on space in the city, most people live in tiny apartments.

Question 51

deplete / dɪˈpliːt / verb [transitive usually passive]

— depletion / dɪˈpliːʃ ə n / noun [uncountable]:

the depletion of the ozone layer

Answer 51

to reduce the amount of sth that is present or available: کم کردن

Salmon populations have been severely depleted.

Question 52

dispose / dɪˈspəʊz $ -ˈspoʊz / verb [transitive always + adverb/preposition] formal

Answer 52

to arrange things or put them in their places: مرتب کردن

Chinese vases are disposed around the gallery.

Question 53

● dispose of sth phrasal verb

● disposed to sb/sth

● disposed to sth

Answer 53

● to get rid of something, especially sth that is difficult to get rid of: an incinerator built to dispose of toxic waste

● to like or approve of sb or sth: Management is favorably disposed to the idea of job-sharing دوست داشتن

● to have a tendency towards sth SYN inclined: a man disposed to depression احتمال … داشتن

Question 54

elementally adv.

Answer 54

In terms of elements; SYN: basically اصولا

elementally, coal and diamonds are the same

Question 55

emissions / ɪˈmɪʃ ə n / noun [countable usually plural]

Answer 55

a gas or other substance that is sent into the air:

Britain agreed to cut emission of nitrogen oxide from power stations

Question 56

harmful emissions

toxic emissions

noxious emissions

vehicle emissions

industrial emissions

sulphur dioxide/carbon dioxide/greenhouse gas etc. emissions

Answer 56

harmful emissions (= likely to cause harm to people or the environment) The law is designed to limit harmful emissions.

toxic emissions (= poisonous) By the end of the decade we could reduce toxic emissions by half.

noxious emissions (= harmful and poisonous) The air is a toxic cocktail of exhaust fumes and noxious emissions from nearby factories.

vehicle emissions (= from cars, lorries etc.) California has introduced tough new standards for vehicle emissions.

industrial emissions (= from factories) The trees are being killed by acid rain and other industrial emissions.

sulphur dioxide/carbon dioxide/greenhouse gas etc. emissions The treaty calls for a 30% reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions.

Question 57

● cut/reduce emissions

● control/limit emissions

Answer 57

● cut/reduce emissions an agreement to cut emissions of gases which contribute to global warming

● control/limit emissions The measures to control carbon dioxide emissions do not go far enough

Question 58

breed 2 noun [countable]

Answer 58

1 a type of animal that is kept as a pet or on a farm (نژاد) breed of; Spaniels are my favorite breed of dog.; Real cowboys are a dying breed (= not many exist anymore ); Dodd was one of that rare breed (= there are not many of them ) who could make the game of football look simple.; a new breed of international criminal

Question 59

breed 1 / briːd / verb ( past tense and past participle bred / bred / )

Answer 59

1 If animals breed, they mate in order to have babies: جفت گیری کرددن

Eagles breed during the cooler months of the year.

2 to keep animals or plants in order to produce babies or new plants, especially ones with particular qualities: These dogs were originally bred in Scotland to round up sheep.

Question 60

face extinction

cause/lead to extinction

Answer 60

face extinction (= be likely to stop existing soon) The red squirrel faces extinction in England and Wales unless conservation measures are taken.

cause/lead to extinction (= make an animal, plant etc. stop existing) Exactly what caused the extinction of the dinosaurs?

Question 61

extinction / ɪkˈstɪŋkʃ ə n / noun [uncountable]

in danger of

on the verge /edge /brink of extinction

hunted almost to extinction

save … from extinction.

face extinction/be threatened with extinction

Answer 61

when a particular type of animal or plant stops existing: انتقراض

species in danger of extinction; on the verge /edge /brink of extinction (= nearly extinct); The extinction was on the verge of extinction. They were hunted almost to extinction. Conservationists are trying to save the whale from extinction. face extinction/be threatened with extinction; Many endangered species now face extinction. Their traditional way of life seems doomed to extinction.

Question 62

be threatened with extinction

be in danger of extinction

be on the brink/verge of extinction

be saved from extinction

Answer 62

be threatened with extinction (= very likely to stop existing) Hundreds of species of birds are now threatened with extinction.

be in danger of extinction The species are in danger of extinction in the UK.

be on the brink/verge of extinction (= be at the point of almost not existing) The Siberian crane is on the verge of extinction due to hunting.

be saved from extinction There are hopes that the animals have now been saved from extinction.

Question 63

be on the verge of something / vɜːdʒ $ vɜːrdʒ / noun [countable]

be on the verge of doing something;

Answer 63

to be at the point where something is about to happen; نزدیک بود

Jess seemed on the verge of tears. an event which left her on the verge of a nervous breakdown; Mountain gorillas are on the verge of extinction.

be on the verge of doing something; The show was on the verge of being canceled due to low ratings.

Question 64

total/complete extinction

near extinction

virtual extinction

certain extinction

imminent/impending extinction

Answer 64

total/complete extinction Hippos may face total extinction if their habitat continues to dwindle.

near extinction (= being almost becoming extinct) Wolves have returned to the forest, almost ten years after near extinction.

virtual extinction (= being very nearly extinct) The deer has been hunted to virtual extinction.

certain extinction (= extinction which will definitely happen) The crested ibis faces certain extinction in Japan after attempts to breed from the sole remaining pair have failed.

imminent/impending extinction (= likely to happen soon) The ban on hunting was introduced to stop the imminent extinction of some big game animals.

Question 65

reservoir / ˈrezəvwɑː $ -ərvwɑːr, -vɔːr / noun [countable] /water/

Answer 65

a lake, especially an artificial one, where water is stored before it is supplied to people’s houses دریاچه مصنوعی

Question 66

reservoir / ˈrezəvwɑː $ -ərvwɑːr, -vɔːr / noun [countable] /machine/

Answer 66

a part of a machine or engine where a liquid is kept before it is used باک

Question 67

reservoir / ˈrezəvwɑː $ -ərvwɑːr, -vɔːr / noun [countable] /amount/

Answer 67

a large amount of sth that is available and has not yet been used; reservoir of; She found she had reservoirs of unexpected strength

Question 68

lagoon / ləˈɡuːn / noun [countable]

Answer 68

a lake of sea water that is partly separated from the sea by rocks, sand, or coral (مرجان); a coastal lagoon; a tropical lagoon دریاچه ای که از دریا جدا باشه

Question 69

pond

Answer 69

a small area of fresh water that is smaller than a lake, which is either natural or artificially made: There were several ducks on the village pond. دریاچه کوچیک

Question 70

puddle

Answer 70

a very small area of water on the ground, especially after it has been raining: She turned quickly to avoid stepping in a puddle. گودال آب، چاله آب

Question 71

waterhole

Answer 71

a small area of water in a dry country, where wild animals go to drink: The waterhole is used by elephants. چاله آب تو بیابون برای آب خوردن حیوانات

Question 72

stable / ˈsteɪb ə l / adjective

in stable condition;

Answer 72

steady and not likely to move or change ; A wide base will make the structure much more stable.;

He is said to be in stable condition in hospital. Children like a stable environment.

Question 73

stability / stəˈbɪləti, stəˈbɪlɪti / noun [uncountable] /condition/

Answer 73

the condition of being steady and not changing; a period of relative stable; stable of; It could threaten the peace and stable of the region

Question 74

OPP of stable?

OPP of stability?

Answer 74

unstable

instability

Question 75

adjust / əˈdʒʌst / verb

Answer 75

to change or move sth slightly to improve it or make it more suitable for a particular purpose: Check and adjust the brakes regularly. Taste the soup and adjust the seasoning. If your employment status changes, your tax code will be adjusted accordingly.

Register: In everyday English, people usually say turn up or turn down the temperature, volume etc. rather than adjust it.

Question 76

stable / ˈsteɪb ə l / adjective /calm/

Answer 76

calm, reasonable, and not easy to upset ; He was clearly not a very stable person

Question 77

adjust / əˈdʒʌst / verb /gradually/

adjust to doing sth;

adjust yourself to sth;

get used to it.

Answer 77

to gradually become familiar with a new situation SYN adapt: They’ll soon settle in – kids are very good at adjusting; adjust to; It took a few seconds for her eyes to adjust to the darkness. adjust to doing sth; My parents had trouble adjusting to living in an apartment. adjust yourself to sth; It took time to adjust myself to motherhood.

Register: In everyday English, people usually say get used to rather than adjust (to): You’ll soon adjust. ➔ You’ll soon get used to it.

Question 78

arbitrary / ˈɑːbətrəri, ˈɑːbɪtrəri, -tri $ ˈɑːrbətreri / adjective

arbitrary decision

arbitrary arrests

arbitrarily chosen

— arbitrariness noun [uncountable]

— arbitrarily / ˈɑːbətrərəli, ˈɑːbɪtrərəli $ ˌɑːrbəˈtrerəli / adverb:

an arbitrarily chosen number

Answer 78

decided or arranged without any reason or plan, often unfairly: an arbitrary decision همین جوری

the arbitrary arrests of political opponents; an arbitrarily chosen number

Question 79

numerator / ˈnjuːməreɪtə $ ˈnuːməreɪtər / noun [countable] technical

Answer 79

the number above the line in a fraction, for example 5 is the numerator in 5/6 (صورت) → denominator (مخرج)

Question 80

denominator / dɪˈnɒməneɪtə, dɪˈnɒmɪneɪtə $ dɪˈnɑːməneɪtər / noun [countable] technical

Answer 80

the number below the line in a fraction مخرج

Question 81

the lowest common denominator

Answer 81

the least attractive, least intelligent people or features in a situation: trashy TV programs that appeal (درخواست کردن یا ask) to the lowest common denominator

Question 82

exponential / ˌekspəˈnenʃ ə l◂ / adjective technical

Answer 82

expotential growth/increase etc. expotential growth, increase etc. becomes faster as the amount of the thing that is growing increases: تصاعدی

an expotential increase in travel; In Turkey, the value of the lira has decreased expotentially in the last several decades.

Question 83

exponent / ˌekspəˈnent / adjective technical

Answer 83

using a small number or letter slightly above and to the right of a number or letter that shows how many times a quantity is to be multiplied by itself ; 4³ contains the exponent “3,” توان

Question 84

infinitesimal / ˌɪnfɪnəˈtesəm ə l◂, ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtesəm ə l◂ / adjective

— infinitesimally adverb: infinitesimally small

Answer 84

extremely small SYN minuscule: جزیی

infinitesimal changes in temperature; The number of contaminants in the water was infinitesimal, so the water was safe to drink.

Question 85

minuscule / ˈmɪnəskjuːl, ˈmɪnɪskjuːl / adjective

Answer 85

extremely small SYN minute: خیلی کم

a minuscule amount of food; Her office is minuscule.

Question 86

tiny/ ˈtaɪni / adjective ( comparativetinier, superlativetiniest )

Answer 86

very small – used about objects, numbers, or amounts: a tiny island | Dairy foods provide your body with a tiny amount of vitamin D

Question 87

teeny / ˈtiːni / adjective informal

Answer 87

very small SYN tiny: used for emphasis: I’ll just have a teeny bit of cream. | There’s just one teeny little problem. | a teeny little house; I was just a teeny bit disappointed.

Question 88

mi‧nute / maɪˈnjuːt $ -ˈnuːt / adjective

pronunciation is different from minute as a noun or verb

Answer 88

extremely small and extremely difficult to see or notice: They found minute traces of poison in his body. | The differences are minute. | minute creatures; You only need a minute mount. Her handwriting is minute.

Question 89

miniature

Answer 89

a miniature camera, watch, railway etc. is made in a very small size. A miniature horse, dog etc. is bred to be a very small size: The spy used a miniature camera. | the fashion for miniature pets

Question 90

minuscule / ˈmɪnəskjuːl, ˈmɪnɪskjuːl / adjective

Answer 90

extremely small in a surprising way: She was wearing a minuscule bikini. | The threat from terrorism is minuscule compared to other risks in our lives.

Question 91

itty-bitty/itsy-bitsy [only before noun] American English informal

Answer 91

very small: An itty-bitty little bug crawled across his forehead. | We stayed at some itsy-bitsy hotel in a back street

Question 92

proportion n.

Answer 92

A part in relation to the whole; مقدار، قسمتی

The average employee spends a large proportion of each workday answering e-mails

Question 93

sequence / ˈsiːkwəns / noun [uncountable and countable]

in a… sequence;

logical sequence

correct sequence.;

in sequence;

out of sequence;

sequence of;

sequence of events

Answer 93

the order that sth happens or exists in, or the order it is supposed to happen or exist in; in a… sequence; The questions should be asked in a logical sequence. ; Be careful to perform the actions in the correct sequence.; in sequence; Number them in sequence, 1, 2, 3 etc.; out of sequence; The chapters may be studied out of sequence.

sequence of; He’s had a sequence of business failures; the sequence of events leading up to the war

Question 94

feasible / ˈfiːzəb ə l, ˈfiːzɪb ə l / adjective

— feasibly adverb

— feasibility / ˌfiːzəˈbɪləti, ˌfiːzɪˈbɪləti / noun [uncountable]:

a feasibility study

economically/technically/politically etc. feasible;

Answer 94

a plan, idea, or method that is feasible is possible and is likely to work SYN possible: عملی، امکان پذیر

a feasible solution; economically/technically/politically etc. feasible; It was no longer financially feasible to keep the community center open.

Question 95

sequence / ˈsiːkwəns / noun [uncountable and countable] /story/

Answer 95

one part of a story, film etc. that deals with a single subject or action SYN scene: the dream sequence in the film

Question 96

viable

Answer 96

possible and likely to be successful, and therefore worth doing: ممکن و احتمالاً موفق

Nuclear energy is the only viable alternative to coal or gas. | The product needs to be commercially viable. | We have yet to find a viable solution to the problem. | The company was no longer financially viable (= it could not make enough money to be able to continue)

Question 97

sequence v.

Answer 97

To organize or arrange in succession; order

Volunteers have been asked to sequence the files and organize the boxes

Question 98

doable informal

Answer 98

(شدنی) if sth is doable, you have enough money, energy, or skill to do it: This exercise program is doable for most people. | Do you think the walk is doable? | Hosting great parties is fun, easy, and doable on any budget. | The book is full of interesting and doable recipes.

Question 99

gut v.

Answer 99

To empty or hollow out; In order to remodel the house, we must first gut it and throw away all the old fixtures.

Usage tips: gut also means “the stomach of an animal”; this verb makes an image that the inside of a building is like the inside of an animal

Question 100

integral / ˈɪntəɡrəl, ˈɪntɪɡrəl / adjective

integral part

integral to;

Answer 100

forming a necessary part of sth: Vegetables are an integral part of our diet.; integral to; Statistics are integral to medical research

Question 101

integral / ˈɪntəɡrəl, ˈɪntɪɡrəl / adjective

Answer 101

provided as part of sth, rather than being separate:

a TV and integral video recorder

Question 102

retain / rɪˈteɪn / verb [transitive] formal

Answer 102

to keep sth or continue to have sth: You have the right to retain possession of the goods.; The state wants to retain control of food imports. The rain fell so heavily that the banks of the river could not retain all the water

Register: In everyday English, people usually say keep rather than retain: Keep all your receipts.

Question 103

limestone / ˈlaɪmstəʊn $ -stoʊn / noun [uncountable]

Answer 103

a type of rock that contains calcium

Question 104

retain / rɪˈteɪn / verb [transitive] formal

Answer 104

to store or keep sth inside sth else: A lot of information can be retained in your computer. Limestone is known to retain moisture​

Question 105

retain /information/

Answer 105

to remember information: I find it very difficult to retain facts

Question 106

retain /specialists/

retaining fee

Answer 106

if you retain a lawyer or other specialist, you pay them to work for you now and in the future: He has retained a lawyer to challenge the court’s decision. We had to pay a retaining fee (= an amount of money to keep someone working for you).

Question 107

seep / siːp / verb [intransitive always + adverb/preposition

seep into /through /down etc.;

sip: جرعه

Answer 107

to flow slowly through small holes or spaces; چکه کردن، تراوش کرد

seep into /through /down etc.; Blood seeped down his leg

Question 108

seep

Answer 108

to move or spread gradually; seep away/into/through etc.

His tension was seeping away.

Question 109

circulate / ˈsɜːkjəleɪt, ˈsɜːkjʊleɪt $ ˈsɜːr- / verb

Answer 109

to move around within a system, or to make sth do this: به گردش در آوردن

Swimming helps to get the blood circulating through the muscles.; Ceiling fans circulated warm air around the room.

Question 110

circulate / ˈsɜːkjəleɪt, ˈsɜːkjʊleɪt $ ˈsɜːr- / verb /information/

Answer 110

if information, facts, ideas etc. circulate, they become known by many people:; Rumors began circulating that the Prime Minister was seriously ill

Question 111

derive / dɪˈraɪv / verb

register: drive / draɪv / verb ( past tense drove / drəʊv $ droʊv / , past participle driven / ˈdrɪv ə n / )

derive sth from sth;

derive pleasure/enjoyment etc.;

Answer 111

to get sth, especially an advantage or a pleasant feeling, from sth; مشتق کردن، نتیجه گرفتن

derive sth from sth; Medically, we will derive great benefit from this technique.

derive pleasure/enjoyment etc.; Many students derived enormous satisfaction from the course.

Question 112

derive / dɪˈraɪv / verb [intransitive and transitive] /comes from/

Answer 112

(also be derived) to develop or come from sth else; مشتق شدن

derive from; This word is derived from Latin.; patterns of behavior that derive from basic beliefs

Register: In everyday English, people usually say that sth comes from sth rather than is derived from sth: This word comes from Latin

Question 113

detection / dɪˈtekʃ ə n / noun [uncountable]

Answer 113

when sth is found that is not easy to see, hear etc, or the process of looking for it; کشف، اکتشاف-

detection of; Early detection of the disease is vital.

escape/avoid detection; By flying low, the plane avoided detection by enemy radar.

Question 114

5 modify especially written

6 reform

7 revise

8 reorganize

9 restructure

Answer 114

5. modify to make small changes to something such as a piece of equipment, a set of ideas, or a way of behaving in order to improve it or use it in a different way:

He’s modified his opinions since then. | a modified version of the original program.

6. reform to change a law, system, organization etc. so that it is fairer or more effective:

plans to reform the tax system | Health care needs to be completely reformed.

7. revise to change a plan, idea, law etc. because of new information and ideas:

In July, China revised the rules for foreign investment. | The findings could force the scientists to revise their ideas about climate change.

8. reorganize to change the way that a system or organization works:

We’ve had to reorganize our database | During the 1980s, the government reorganized the civil service.

9. restructure to make big changes to the way something is organized, especially a large political or economic system or a big company, in order to make it more effective:

The company has been restructured from top to bottom.