400Word_2 Flashcards
expeditiously / ˌekspəˈdɪʃəsli, ˌekspɪˈdɪʃəsli / adverb formal
— expeditious adjective:
an expeditious system for examining claims for refugee status
in a quick and effective way SYN efficiently: موثر
All issues presented to the court are considered as fairly and expeditiously as possible.
expeditious از روی عجله
implement 1 W3 AC / ˈɪmpləment, ˈɪmplɪment / verb [transitive]
To make use of; to carry out; to take action or make changes that you have officially decided should happen; پیاده سازی کردن، انجام دادن
Not until after the new software was installed could we implement the new filing system.
implement a policy/plan/decision etc.
We have decided to implement the committee’s recommendations in full.
— implementation / ˌɪmpləmenˈteɪʃ ə n, ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃ ə n / noun [uncountable]:
the implementation of the peace plan پیاده سازی، اجرا
innovative AC / ˈɪnəvətɪv $ ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv / (also innovatory) adjective
an innovative idea or way of doing sth is new, different, and better than those that existed before: خلاقانه
- an innovative approach to language teaching*
- innovative schemes (برنامه) for recycling waste materials*
- an innovative design team*
brand new
recent
the latest
modern
novel
innovative
revolutionary
new-fangled
brand new completely new:
a brand new car | The house looks brand new.
recent made, produced etc. a short time ago:
recent research into brain chemistry
the latest [only before noun] the most recent:
Have you seen his latest film? | the latest fashions from Paris
modern different from earlier things of the same kind because of using new methods, equipment, or designs:
modern technology | modern farming methods | a modern kitchen
novel new and different in a surprising and unusual way – used especially about a suggestion, experience, or way of doing sth: بدیع
The club have come up with a novel way of raising cash. | The King was passionately in love, which was a novel experience for him.
innovative completely new and showing a lot of imagination – used especially about a design or way of doing sth:
an attractive website with an innovative design | They came up with an innovative approach to the problem.
revolutionary completely new in a way that has a very big effect – used especially about an idea, method, or invention: انقلابی
a revolutionary treatment for breast cancer | His theories were considered to be revolutionary at the time.
new-fangled [only before noun] used about sth that is new and modern but which you disapprove of: نوظهور بد!
My grandfather hated all this newfangled technology.
combustion / kəmˈbʌstʃ ə n / noun [uncountable]
the process of burning; When air quality is poor, combustion of materials in a fireplace is prohibited احتراق ناقص
convey / kənˈveɪ / verb [transitive] /communicate /
1 to communicate or express sth, with or without using words: نقل کردن، بیان کردن
- All this information can be conveyed in a simple diagram.*
- Ads convey the* message that thin is beautiful.
- He was sent to convey a* message to the UN Secretary General.
convey sth to sb
I want to convey to children that reading is one of life’s greatest treats.
convey a sense/an impression/an idea etc.
You don’t want to convey the impression that there’s anything illegal going on.
convey / kənˈveɪ / verb [transitive] /carry /
2 formal to take or carry sth from one place to another:
Your luggage will be conveyed to the hotel by taxi.
convey / kənˈveɪ / verb [transitive] /law /
to legally change the possession of property from one person to another منتقل نمودن
discrete AC / dɪˈskriːt / adjective
— discretely adverb
— discreteness noun [uncountable]
clearly separate: مجزا، گسسته
The change happens in a series of discrete steps.
permeate / ˈpɜːmieɪt $ ˈpɜːr- / verb [intransitive always + adverb/preposition, transitive]
if liquid, gas etc. permeates sth, it enters it and spreads through every part of it: نفوذ کردن، سرایت کردن، نشت کردن
The smell of diesel oil permeated the air. The smell of cooking permeated the entire apartment building.
permeate through/into
- Rain permeates through the ground to add to ground water levels.*
- Racism continues to permeate our society.*
- An emotional intensity permeates every one of O’Connor’s songs.*
trigger 2 AC (also trigger off) verb [transitive]
1 to make sth happen very quickly, especially a series of events: باعث … شدن
- The assassination (تررو) triggered off a wave of rioting (شورش).*
- Certain forms of mental illness can be triggered by food allergies.*
trigger a memory (= make you suddenly remember sth)
His action triggered a massive response from the government.
trigger 2 AC (also trigger off) verb [transitive]
to make sth such as a bomb or electrical system start to operate SYN set off:
The burglars (سارقان) fled after triggering the alarm.
make sb/sth do sth compared to cause
Make is less formal than cause, and is the usual word to use in everyday English:
What made you decide to become a teacher? | I’m sorry, I didn’t mean to make you cry. | Gravity is the force which makes the planets move round the Sun.
bring about sth
result in sth
lead to sth
trigger
precipitate formal
bring about sth to make sth happen – used especially about changes or improvements:
The Internet has brought about enormous changes in society. | It’s important that we do everything we can to bring about peace.
result in sth if an action or event results in sth, it makes that thing happen:
The fire resulted in the deaths of two children. | The decision is likely to result in a large number of job losses.
lead to sth to cause sth to happen eventually after a period of time:
The information led to several arrests. | A poor diet in childhood can lead to health problems later in life.
trigger if one event triggers another, it suddenly makes the second event happen:
The incident triggered a wave of violence. | An earthquake off Java’s southern coast triggered a tsunami.
precipitate formal to make a very serious event happen very suddenly, which will affect a lot of people:
The withdrawal of foreign investment would precipitate an economic crisis. | The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand precipitated World War I.
acquisition AC / ˌækwəˈzɪʃ ə n, ˌækwɪˈzɪʃ ə n / noun /knowledge /
1 [uncountable] the process by which you gain knowledge or learn a skill: فراگیری
the acquisition of language
acquisition AC / ˌækwəˈzɪʃ ə n, ˌækwɪˈzɪʃ ə n / noun
/land, power, money/
2 [uncountable] the act of getting land, power, money etc.
acquisition of مالکیت
the acquisition of new sites for development
acquisition AC / ˌækwəˈzɪʃ ə n, ˌækwɪˈzɪʃ ə n / noun /st/
3 [countable] formal sth that you have obtained by buying it or being given it: اموال
The Art Society is holding an exhibition of recent acquisitions.
degrade / dɪˈɡreɪd / verb
— degradable adjective
[intransitive and transitive] technical if a substance, chemical etc. degrades, or if sth degrades it, it changes to a simpler form تجزیه کردن، تجزیه شدن
degrade / dɪˈɡreɪd / verb
[transitive] to treat someone without respect and make them lose respect for themselves: تنزل دادن
a movie that degrades women
degrade yourself (by doing sth)
- How can you degrade yourself by writing such trash?*
- The dolphin’s habitat is being rapidly degraded.*
indisputable / ˌɪndɪˈspjuːtəb ə l / adjective
— indisputably adverb
an indisputable fact must be accepted because it is definitely true: بدون چون و چرا
The evidence was indisputable.
indisputably مسلماً
undeniable/indisputable
factual
verifiable formal
it is a fact
be the truth
be the case
undeniable/indisputable definitely true, so that no one can argue or disagree about it:
It is indisputable that the situation has got worse. | The decline in inflation was undeniable, even if the reasons for the decline were unclear.
factual based on facts, or involving facts:
The court makes its decision based on factual evidence. | There is very little factual information about the incident. | a factual account of what happened | The questions ask for a purely factual answer, not for opinion.
verifiable formal able to be proven to be true or correct:
The data was verifiable.
it is a fact used when saying that sth is definitely true:
It is a fact that women live longer than men.
be the truth to be true – used when saying that someone is not lying:
What I told you was the truth.
be the case if a situation is the case, that is the way the situation truly is:
It is certainly the case that crime rates are lower in Europe than in the US.
intervene AC / ˌɪntəˈviːn $ -tər- / verb
1 [intransitive] مداخله کردن، قطع کردن
intervene in
- The police don’t usually like to intervene in disputes between husbands and wives.*
- The army will have to intervene to prevent further fighting.*
2 [intransitive and transitive] to interrupt someone when they are speaking:
‘Stop shouting, Emily,’ John intervened.
3 [intransitive] if an event intervenes, it delays or interrupts sth else:
He was just establishing his career when the war intervened.
4 [intransitive] if a period of time intervenes, it comes between two events:
In the six years that intervened, I saw them once.
intuitive / ɪnˈtjuːətɪv, ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv $ -ˈtuː-, -ˈtjuː- / adjective
— intuitively adverb
1 an intuitive idea is based on a feeling rather than on knowledge or facts SYN instinctive: حسی، احساسی
He seemed to have an intuitive awareness of how I felt. Many mothers know intuitively when sth is wrong with their children.
2 someone who is intuitive is able to understand situations without being told or having any proof about them
recede / rɪˈsiːd / verb [intransitive]
1 if sth you can see or hear recedes, it gets further and further away until it disappears دور شدن
recede into
footsteps receding into the distance
2 if a memory, feeling, or possibility recedes, it gradually goes away: کم شدن
The pain in his head gradually receded.
3 if water recedes, it moves back from an area that it was covering: کم شدن
The flood waters finally began to recede in November.
4 if your hair recedes, you gradually lose the hair at the front of your head:
He was in his mid-forties, with a receding hairline. After the age of 30, his hairline began to recede further back from his forehead
5 receding chin a chin that slopes backwards
retrieve / rɪˈtriːv / verb [transitive]
— retrievable adjective
1 formal to find sth and bring it back; get back پیدا کردن
She bent down to retrieve her earring.
retrieve sth from sth
It took four days to retrieve all the bodies from the crash.
2 technical to get back information that has been stored in the memory of a computer: بازیابی کردن
The new version of the software automatically retrieves digital information.
agnostic / æɡˈnɒstɪk, əɡ- $ -ˈnɑː- / noun [countable]
— agnostic adjective
— agnosticism / -təsɪz ə m, -tɪsɪz ə m / noun [uncountable]
someone who believes that people cannot know whether God exists or not; منکر احتمال وجود خدا
His devoutly Christian parents had problems with his agnostic beliefs.
a‧the‧is‧m / ˈeɪθi-ɪz ə m / noun [uncountable]
— atheist noun [countable]
— atheistic / ˌeɪθiˈɪstɪk◂ / adjective
the belief that God does not exist → agnosticism (agnostic)
منکر وجود خدا
animism / ˈænəmɪz ə m, ˈænɪmɪz ə m / noun [uncountable]
a religion in which animals and plants are believed to have spirits; Desert cultures that practice animism often believe that winds contain spirits.
contemplate / ˈkɒntəmpleɪt $ ˈkɑːn- / verb
1 [transitive] to think about sth that you might do in the future SYN consider: در نظر داشتن، فکر کردن
He had even contemplated suicide.
contemplate doing sth
Did you ever contemplate resigning?
2 [intransitive and transitive] to think about sth seriously for a period of time SYN consider:
Jack went on vacation to contemplate his future.
contemplate what/whether/how etc.
She sat down and contemplated what she had done.
contemplate your navel (= think so much about your own life that you do not notice other important things – used humorously)
3 [transitive] to look at someone or sth for a period of time in a way that shows you are thinking:
He contemplated her with a faint (ضعیف) smile.
contemplate / ˈkɒntəmpleɪt $ ˈkɑːn- / verb /accept/
2 [transitive] to accept the possibility that sth is true پذیرفتن حقیقت
too dreadful/horrifying etc. to contemplate
The thought that she might be dead was too terrible to contemplate.
weigh
give sth some/a lot of thought
mull sth over
ponder
contemplate
reflect formal
weigh to carefully think about a plan or choice by comparing all the advantages and disadvantages involved:
You need to weigh the pros and cons (= the advantages and disadvantages), and decide which investment is the best one for you. | The committee are still weighing the alternatives.
give sth some/a lot of thought to think carefully about sth, before you make a final decision about it:
Why don’t you give it some thought and then get back to me? | He had obviously given the matter a lot of thought.
mull sth over to think about a problem, plan etc. before making a decision:
Can you give me a bit of time to mull it over?
ponder to spend time thinking carefully and seriously about sth, especially a problem or sth complicated:
She is still pondering what to do. | Officials are pondering ways to remove the oil from the beaches.
contemplate to think about sth you might do in the future:
Did you ever contemplate resigning?
reflect formal to think carefully about sth, especially sth that happened in the past:
It was a good time to reflect upon the changes that had happened in my life.
deify / ˈdiːəfaɪ, ˈdiːɪfaɪ, ˈdeɪ- / verb (past tense and past participle deified, present participle deifying, third person singular deifies) [transitive]
— deification / ˌdiːəfəˈkeɪʃ ə n, ˌdiːɪfəˈkeɪʃ ə n, ˌdeɪ- / noun [uncountable]
to treat someone or sth with extreme respect and admiration; When people deify the leader of their country, the leader is able to abuse power more easily خدا دانستن
ecclesiastical / ɪˌkliːziˈæstɪk ə l / (also ecclesiastic / -ˈæstɪk /) adjective
relating to the Christian church or its priests:
ecclesiastical history
exalt / ɪɡˈzɔːlt $ -ˈzɒːlt / verb [transitive] formal
1 to put someone or sth into a high rank or position; تمجید کردن
He would often exalt the virtues of his new wife.
2 to praise someone, especially God:
Exalt ye the Lord.
pious / ˈpaɪəs / adjective
— piously adverb
1 having strong religious beliefs, and showing this in the way you behave → piety: وارسته، زاهد
He was a quiet, pious man. Sometimes she was so pious that the rest of us felt like heathens. (بی دین)
2 if you describe what someone says as pious talk, words etc, you mean that they are trying to sound good or moral but you do not believe that they are sincere or will really do what they say: مقدس مابانه
pious speeches by politicians about ‘family values’
3 pious hope/wish sth that you want to be true or to happen, but that is very unlikely:
All these agreements and ideas remain little more than pious hopes in the present climate.
