Pathology of Blood Vessels Flashcards
what causes the structural change in intimal thickening?
endothelial cell proliferation
smooth muscle cells proliferation
matrix deposition
what is the functional change from intimal thickening?
injured endothelial loses normal anti-thrombotic state
smooth muscle cells do not have normal contractility
may alter compliance
what leads to the functional change with medial thickening?
extra cells or the matrix can partially to completely narrow the lumen
what is arteriosclerosis?
hardening of arteries
what are the four types of arteriosclerosis?
arterial hyalinosis
arterial calcification
fibromuscular intimal hyperplasia
atherosclerosis (humans)
what can arterial mineralization be due to?
vitamin D toxicity
renal failure
other mechanisms
if you see atherosclerosis in a dog, what should your differentials be?
diabetes mellitus
some also consider hypothyroidism
what is an aneurysm?
abnormal dilation of the vessel wall
what is a differential diagnosis for an aneurysm?
aortic dissection
what are some causes of aneurysms?
abnormal connective tissue
breakdown of tissue from inflammatory cells or products
ischemic injury to smooth muscle cells
unknown
what is vasculitis?
inflammation directed against components of the vessel wall
what are the types of vasculitis?
arteritis
phlebitis
lymphangitis
what can be seen grossly with vasculitis?
edema
hemorrhage
thrombosis: infarct
necrosis
what can be seen microscopically with vasculitis?
endothelial degeneration, necrosis
vessel wall infiltrated by neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, histiocytes, or combinations of cells
plasma proteins and fibrin
how can vascular disease manifest in blood vessels?
intimal thickening
increased medial thickening
arteriosclerosis
aneurysm
thrombosis
vasculitis
neoplasia
malformations
