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Cardiovascular Pathophysiology > Cardiomyopathy > Flashcards

Cardiomyopathy Flashcards

1
Q

what is dilated cardiomyopathy like?

A

dilated chamber, thinned walls
systolic dysfunction mainly

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2
Q

what is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy like?

A

concentric hypertrophy, small cavity, +/- left ventricular outflow tract obstruction
diastolic dysfunction mainly

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3
Q

what is secondary/extrinsic cardiomyopathy?

A

myocardial disease secondary to another identifiable systemic disease

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4
Q

what are some common cardiomyopathies in veterinary medicine?

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
dilated cardiomyopathy
restrictive cardiomyopathy
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
myocarditis»>DCM
tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy

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5
Q

in whom is cardiomyopathy the most common cause of heart disease?

A

cats

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6
Q

what are the presentations for cardiomyopathy?

A

congestive heart failure
cardiac arrhythmias
thromboembolism

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7
Q

what are the etiologies of canine dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

heterogenous condition
end-stage of myocyte damage/dysfunction
cytoskeletal protein mutations
nutritional
co-enzyme Q10?

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8
Q

what can be found on cardiac auscultation with canine dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

soft (II-III/VI) systolic murmur- mitral or tricuspid
gallop (S3)
arrhythmia often present

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9
Q

what can be seen on thoracic radiographs with canine dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

generalized cardiomegaly, tracheal elevation
left atrial enlargement
perihilar interstitial pattern, bronchial pattern, +/- alveolar infiltrates
variable vessel findings; veins>arteries
+/- enlarged caudal vena cava and liver
pleural effusion/pleural fissure lines
VHS in deep-chested dogs

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10
Q

what arrhythmias may be seen in canine dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

atrial fibrillation
ventricular arrhythmias
atrial premature contractions

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11
Q

what is reduced on echocardiography in canine dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

fractional shortening
ejection fraction

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12
Q

what is dilated cardiomyopathy of giant breed dogs like?

A

left heart failure or biventricular failure
atrial fibrillation common
sudden death possible

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13
Q

what percentage of doberman pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy may die suddenly?

A

40-50%

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14
Q

what percentage of doberman pinschers have dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

43-63%

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15
Q

what is the average age of boxer cardiomyopathy?

A

8 years

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16
Q

what is boxer cardiomyopathy like?

A

sustained ventricular tachycardia
VPCs often have left bundle branch pattern
ECG: low voltage, wide QRS, wide P wave

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17
Q

what is sudden death in boxer cardiomyopathy due to?

A

ventricular arrhythmias

18
Q

is sudden death or CHF more likely in boxer cardiomyopathy?

A

sudden death

19
Q

what is english bulldog arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy like?

A

rapid ventricular tachycardia of right ventricular origin

20
Q

how many “normal” irish wolfhounds have a cardiovascular abnormality?

A

up to 50%

21
Q

what can be used to slow progression of dilated cardiomyopathy in irish wolfhounds?

A

pimobendan

22
Q

what is the average age of english and american cocker spaniel cardiomyopathy?

A

6-10 years

23
Q

what can you supplement english and american cocker spaniels with cardiomyopathy to maybe improve their clinical case and echo?

A

taurine
carnitine

24
Q

what happens in juvenile dilated cardiomyopathy in portuguese water dogs?

A

sudden death and peracute CHF
5 weeks to 3-4 months of age
typical DCM

25
Q

what diets are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

high in peas, pea fractions, lentils, chickpeas, sweet potatoes, potatoes or other uncommon sources

26
Q

which chambers are dilated in feline dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

all 4 chambers

27
Q

what signs outside of the heart happen in feline dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

pleural effusion +/- ascites
pulmonary edema
hepatomegaly

28
Q

is feline dilated cardiomyopathy a systolic or diastolic dysfunction?

A

both systolic and diastolic dysfunction

29
Q

which breeds are more likely to have feline dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

burmese
siamese
abyssinian

30
Q

what can be found on auscultation in feline dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

soft systolic murmur: mitral, tricuspid, or sternal location
gallop (S3)
arrhythmia often present

31
Q

what can be seen on thoracic radiographs in feline dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

generalized cardiomegaly, +/- tracheal elevation
pleural effusion
perihilar interstitial pattern +/- alveolar infiltrates
variable vessels
+/- enlarged caudal vena cava and liver
rarely ascites

32
Q

are most cats with dilated cardiomyopathy taurine deficient?

A

no

33
Q

how common is equine dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

uncommon

34
Q

what can be ausculted in equine dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

cardiac murmur and loud gallop
atrial fibrillation in many cases

35
Q

is restrictive cardiomyopathy usually diastolic or systolic dysfunction?

A

diastolic dysfunction

36
Q

what are the most common pathologic findings with canine dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

dilation of all 4 chambers
left heart changes may predominate
thinning of interventricular septum, left ventricle, and right ventricle walls
atrophy of papillary muscles
enlarged circumference of AV ring
ascites, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion
pulmonary edema
hepatomegaly

37
Q

what dog breeds commonly get dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

large breed
doberman
boxer
cocker spaniel
pit bull breeds
dalmation
portuguese water dog

38
Q

who can have atrial fibrillation with canine dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

giant breeds

39
Q

who can get ventricular arrhythmias with canine dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

boxers and dobermans

40
Q

who can get APCs with canine dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

giant breeds
wolfhounds
cocker spaniels

41
Q

what is the median survival in english bulldog arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy?

A

4-12 months
sudden death common

42
Q

what can be seen on ECG with feline dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

sinus rhythm or relative bradycardia
P-mitrale
left ventricular enlargement pattern
ventricular arrhythmias
APCs or atrial fibrillation
AV block

Cardiovascular Pathophysiology (35 decks)

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