Congenital Part II Flashcards
what clinical signs are associated with subaortic stenosis?
most asymptomatic with murmur
syncope
bacterial endocarditis
left sided CHF
sudden death is common
what is seen in a physical examination with subaortic stenosis?
loud, harsh ejection quality systolic murmur
loud at right base
weak arterial pulses
prominent left apical impulse
what can be seen in thoracic radiographs with subaortic stenosis?
concentric left ventricular hypertrophy maybe
prominent aorta cranial to the heart
what are the options for subaortic stenosis management?
balloon valvuloplasty
surgical removal of thee subvalvular fibrous ring
atenolol
what is a ventricular septal defect?
defect in interventricular septum
communication between the right and left ventricle
what does a ventricular septal defect result in?
left atrial and ventricular enlargement
variable right heart enlargement
pulmonary overcirculation
what are thoracic radiographs like with ventricular septal defect?
depend on size of defect
left heart or generalized enlargement
pulmonary overcirculation
cHF may be present
what are the options for therapy for ventricular septal defects?
medical therapy
pulmonary artery banding
surgical repair
what is an ostium primum defect?
atrial septal defect low in atrial septum
what does an atrial septal defect lead to?
pulmonary overcirculation
right heart enlargement
are atrial septal defects usually seen with other cardiac defects or alone?
usually with other cardiac defects
what is a bubble study?
saline injected into peripheral vein
bubbles show up in right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery
what breeds are predisposed to subaortic stenosis?
newfoundland
german shepherds
boxers
golden retrievers
bloodhound
german shorthaired pointers
what do boxers often have with their aortic roots?
smaller than predicted for body weight
what can be seen on ECG with aortic stenosis?
maybe normal
left ventricle enlargement pattern or left axis shift
ST segment depression
what is moderate subaortic stenosis according to the doppler gradient?
40-80 mmHg
what is ballon valvuloplasty like in treating subaortic stenosis?
inconsistent pressure reduction
balloon alone may not alter disease
where in the interventricular septum is a ventricular septal defect usually?
often high in interventricular septum
what is the most common defect in horses, ruminants, and maybe cats?
ventricular septal defect
what dog breeds are predisposed to ventricular septal defect?
english bulldog
keeshond
maltese
what can be found on auscultation/exam with ventricular septal defect?
harsh systolic murmur
loudest at right sternal border
maybe second murmur: pulmonic stenosis
arterial pulses often normal
what is the surgical repair like with ventricular septal defect?
cardiopulmonary bypass required
patch over VSD
uncertain operative mortality
what is an ostium secundum defect like?
location of septum secundum
middle (high) in atrial septum
what dog breeds are predisposed to atrial septal defects?
samoyed
doberman
standard poodle
old english sheepdog
who can have atrial septal defect?
dogs
cats
ruminants
what can be heard on auscultation with an atrial septal defect?
fixed splitting second heart sound
relative tricuspid stenosis
relative pulmonic stenosis
no murmur
