Biomarkers of Cardiac Disease Flashcards
how can we measure NT-proBNP?
snap test: cats
quantitative send out
quantitative bench top
what is the active portion of BNP?
C-BNP
what is valsartan?
angiotensin receptor blocker
what is sacubitril?
neprilysin inhibitor
what does neprilysin do?
cleaves natriuretic peptides: degrades C-BNP
breaks down angiotensin II, endothelin
what is a biomarker an indicator of?
organ function or organ injury
how can a biomarker be useful?
diagnostic/prognostic information
specific to organ of interest
proportional to degree of injury/disease
information adds to other testing
logistical ease
what hormones are produced by myocardial tissue?
brain natriuretic peptide
atrial natriuretic peptide
where is atrial natriuretic peptide stored?
atrial myocyte granules
what do the natriuretic peptides do?
vasodilation
natriuresis
diuresis
aldosterone inhibition
what makes up the troponin complex?
troponin-T
troponin-C
troponin-I
what part of the troponin complex is specific to cardiomyocytes?
troponin-I
where do troponins come from?
cardiac muscle injury/necrosis
when should you measure troponins?
concern for myocardial injury
unexplained arrhythmia
pericardial effusion
concern for cardiotoxicity
screening for pre-clinical heart disease
prognostic?
what is galectin-3 associated with?
fibrosis
what are biomarkers indicators of?
organ function or organ injury
how can a biomarker be useful?
diagnostic/prognostic information
specific to organ of interest
proportional to degree of injury/disease
information adds to other testing
logistical ease
what alters production and release of natriuretic peptides?
myocardial stretch and strain
what produces brain natriuretic peptide?
atria in health
ventricles in disease
what is production of brain natriuretic peptide regulated by?
gene expression: minimal stored
does atrial or brain natriuretic peptide have a conserved structure across species?
atrial natriuretic peptide
what produces atrial natriuretic peptide?
atria primarily
some from ventricles in disease
where is atrial natriuretic peptide stored?
atrial myocyte granules
what do the natriuretic peptides do?
vasodilation
natriuresis
diuresis
aldosterone inhibition
what are the steps to brain natriuretic peptide being synthesized and released?
pre-proBNP
proBNP
C-BNP and NT-proBNP
what is C-BNP?
active portion
short half-life
what is the cutoff for a worrisome NT-proBNP in a dog?
1800
above 900 is abnormal
what is the cutoff for a worrisome NT-proBNP in a cat?
270
above 100 is abnormal
what are the effects of angiotensin receptor blocker (valsartan) and neprilysin inhibitor (sacubitril)?
vasodilation, Na excretion
block negative effects of Angiotensin II
how is measuring natriuretic peptides useful?
differentiating CHF from other causes for clinical signs
detection of pre-clinical cardiac disease
prognostic information
aree troponins conserved across species?
highly
what does galectin-3 mediate?
myocardial remodeling caused by aldosterone
in whom is galectin-3 elevated?
dogs with mitral valve disease
cats with HCM
