Congenital Part III Flashcards
what can AV valve dysplasia result in?
regurgitation
stenosis
both
what does AV valve dysplasia look like grossly?
valve leaflets thickened pr fused
abnormal chordae tendinae
abnormal papillary muscles
what are some defects associated with right-to-left shunting and cyanosis?
tetralogy of fallot
eisenmenger’s physiology (pulmonary hypertension with something else)
why is right-to-left shunting a problem?
cyanosis
reduced exercise tolerance
polycythemia
neurologic signs, seizures
what indicates a right-to-left shunt in a bubble study?
if bubbles show up in left heart
what makes up the tetralogy of fallot?
ventricular septal defect
pulmonic stenosis
dextropositioned aorta
secondary right ventricular hypertrophy
what clinical findings are consistent with tetralogy of fallot?
cyanosis
murmur at right cranial sternal border
murmur at left heart base
ECG: right ventricular enlargement pattern
radiographs: undercirculation
what is eisenmenger’s syndrome?
shunting defect
pulmonary hypertension
what does eisenmenger’s syndrome cause?
increase in pulmonary artery pressure causes right-to-left shunting
cyanosis
weakness or collapse
where does right-to-left shunting occur in a patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension?
at ductus
should surgery be performed on a patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension?
no
what is cor triatriatum dexter?
membrane in right atrial separates right atrium into two chambers
dogs get
who gets cor triatriatum sinister?
cats
what is supravalvular mitral stenosis in cats?
obstruction separates left atrium into two chambers
what is the most common defect in the cat?
AV valve dysplasia
what dog breeds can get AV valve dysplasia?
lab
great dane
german shepherd
weimaraner
what can be abnormal about the papillary muscles in AV valve dysplasia?
malpositioned
incomplete or absent
abnormal attachment to ventricular wall
what is eisenmenger’s physiology?
ventricular septal defect with pulmonary hypertension (eisenmenger’s syndrome)
atrial septal defect with pulmonary hypertension
patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension
what are the neurologic signs with right-to-left shunting from?
capillary sludging due to polycythemia
paradoxical embolism
what are the treatment options for tetralogy of fallot?
surgical repair
surgical palliation
phlebotomy
hydroxyurea
is there a continuous murmur with a patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension?
no
what clinical sign is associated with a patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary hypertension?
cyanosis to back half of body
