Cardiovascular Pressure and Volume Assessment Flashcards
what is the equation for mean arterial pressure?
1/3(systolic-diastolic) + diastolic
what are the major mechanisms that can lead to low cardiac output?
inadequate circulating blood volume
poor cardiac pump function
inadequate vascular tone
what are the systolic and diastolic pressures in a dog’s aorta?
systolic: 120-160 mmHg
diastolic: 80-120 mmHg
what is the mean pressure in a dog’s left atrium?
4-12 mmHg
what is normal central venous pressure?
0-5 mmHg
0-7cm of H2O
what is oliguria?
<0.5-1 ml/kg/hr
what makes up most of the colloid osmotic pressure?
albumin
what is pulmonary capillary wedge pressure a reflection of?
left atrial pressure
what can you measure with the swan-ganz pulmonary artery catheter?
right atrial pressure
pulmonary artery pressure
pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
cardiac output
blood temperature
what is arterial oxygen content?
how much oxygen is carried in some volume of blood
what is the equation for pulse pressure?
systolic - diastolic
usually 40 mmHg
what is the blood volume of a dog and cat?
dog: 70-90 ml/kg
cat: 45-65 ml/kg
what percentage of body weight is blood volume?
6-8%
what can cause inadequate vascular tone (which causes low cardiac output)?
sepsis
anesthesia
drugs
what is the resting cardiac output in a dog?
122-208 ml/kg/min
what is the resting cardiac output in a cat?
120 ml/kg/min
what is the resting cardiac output in a horse?
75-210 ml/kg/min
how can you measure cardiac output?
thermodilution
fick equation
lithium (indicator dilution method)
doppler (echo)
CT or MRI
what is the systolic and diastolic pressure in the right ventricle?
systolic: 20-28 mmHg
diastolic: 0-5 mmHg
what is the systolic and diastolic pressure in the pulmonary artery?
systolic: 20-28 mmHg
diastolic: 8-15 mmHg
what does a central venous pressure of 8-10 cm H2O indicate?
reduced right ventricle compliance or fluid overload
what should BUN and creatinine be considered with when paying attention to it to assess fluid balance?
urine output
how many insensible fluid losses are there?
4.5 ml/kg/day
is pulmonary edema likely with hypoalbuminemia?
no
at what level is edema likely with hypoalbuminemia?
albumin <1.6 gm/dl
what is normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in a dog or cat?
<12 mmHg
3-9 mmHg
what level of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure is consistent with left sided CHF?
> 15-18 mmHg
pulmonary edema usually >25 mmHg
what is typical canine arterial oxygen content?
17-21 ml O2/dL
what is oxygen delivery?
the amount of oxygen carried by the bloodstream to the tissues each minute
