Congenital Part I Flashcards
how can we determine that an animal has congenital heart disease?
auscultation of murmur (most common)
remainder of cardiovascular exam
electrocardiogram
thoracic radiographs
echocardiography
cardiac catheterization
what is the oxygen saturation in the pulmonary artery, right ventricle, and right atrium?
70%
what is the oxygen saturation in the aorta, left ventricle, and left atrium?
98-99%
99% in left atrium
who is predisposed to patent ductus arteriosus?
females
some breeds
are most patent ductus arteriosi asymptomatic?
yes: just heart murmur points to diagnosis
what can be found on the physical exam with a patent ductus arteriosus other than a murmur?
bounding arterial pulses
signs of CHF if it has developed
maybe arrhythmias- uncommon
what can be seen on thoracic radiographs with a patent ductus arteriosus?
cardiomegaly
pulmonary overcirculation
three bumps
what is surgical mortality in a thoracotomy to fix a patent ductus arteriosus?
2-5%
what occludes the patent ductus arteriosus in intravascular coils?
thrombus forms to occlude in coils
what can pulmonic stenosis be due to?
valvular stenosis
subvalvular stenosis
supravalvular stenosis
what is pulmonary stenosis?
narrowed pulmonary outflow tract
what happens with the pulmonary trunk with pulmonary stenosis?
post-stenotic dilation of pulmonary trunk
what are the clinical signs of pulmonary stenosis?
usually asymptomatic, have murmur
possible signs: syncope, right-sided CHF
what is the murmur like in pulmonary stenosis?
loud, harsh ejection quality systolic murmur
second murmur of tricuspid regurgitation on right mid-cardiac region
what is the desired outcome from balloon valvuloplasty for pulmonary stenosis?
> 50% reduction in doppler gradient
residual gradient <100mmHg
what percentage of cats with heart disease have a congenital heart defect?
8%
what percentage of cats have a congenital heart defect?
0.2%
how common is a ventricular septal defect in cats with a congenital heart defect?
50%
what is a patent ductus arteriosus?
connection between thee aorta and the pulmonary artery
what is the mortality rate of uncorrected patent ductus arteriosi?
40-70% die within a year
what type of CHF can a patent ductus arteriosus cause?
left-sided CHF
what type of murmur is found with a patent ductus arteriosus?
continuous murmur left heart base- axilla
+/- systolic murmur of mitral regurgitation- left apex
what can be seen on ECG of patent ductus arteriosus?
some are normal
left ventricular enlargement pattern
P-mitrale- left atrial enlargement pattern
VPC, APC, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia
what can be seen on echo with a patent ductus arteriosus?
left heart volume overload
continuous flow main pulmonary artery
PDA visualized
what type of regurgitation can develop with pulmonary stenosis?
secondary tricuspid regurgitation
what are some signs of right-sided CHF?
abdominal distension- ascites
tachypnea
hepatomegaly
jugular vein distension
+/- pleural effusion
where is the apex beat strongest with pulmonary stenosis?
right hemithorax
what is moderate pulmonary stenosis doppler gradient?
50-100 mmHg
what can be seen on ECG with pulmonary stenosis?
deep S wave in lead II or chest lead
