Pathology- Musculoskeletal Disorders

Question 1

Osteitis Deformans aka ?

Answer 1

Paget’s

Question 2

Increased alkaline phosphatase 40 times normal limit indicates?

Answer 2

Osetitis Deformans aka Paget’s

Question 3

Signs and symptoms of Paget’s are?

Answer 3

Older Male
bone deformities,
osteoporosis circumscripta (skull)
bowing tibia,
pseudofractures,
cortical thickening,
osteoblastic-osteoclastic activity,
saber shin,
deafness, IVORY WHITE VERTEBRA (leads to osteosarcoma, less than 1%)

Question 4

Neurfibromatosis is aka?

Answer 4

VON RECKLINGHAUSEN’S disease

Question 5

This condition causes tumors to form in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It is genetically inherited, autosomal dominant, and affects chromosome 17

Answer 5

Neurofibromatosis aka Von Recklinghausen’s disease

Question 6

Neurofibromas can do what and cause what?

Answer 6

Can compress nerves
Cause Cafe-au-lait spots

Question 7

bone thinning, lesions/growths in bones, one bone =monostotic, many bones =polyostotic. What is this condition called?

Answer 7

Fibrous Dysplasia

Question 8

This fibrous dysplasia condition affects young girls, has several bones involved, is endocrine related, precocious (early puberty)

Answer 8

McCune-Albright’s Syndrome

Question 9

Most common benign bone tumor of the vertebra. Has a jail-bar or corduroy appearance

Answer 9

Hemangioma

Question 10

This is the most common benign bone tumor of the body. Is described as sessile & pedunculated.

Answer 10

Osteochondroma

Question 11

Brittle bones disease -Genetic, abnormal collagen, fractures, blue sclera

Answer 11

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 12

Overgrowth & sclerosis bone, however, weak & fractures

Answer 12

Osteopetrosis

Question 13

common in post-menopausal females, increase in fractures, decrease in bone density, Dowenger’ Hump

Answer 13

Osteoporosis

Question 14

This is a staph infection in bone

Answer 14

Osteomyelitis

Question 15

Staph attacks bones, what does Strep attack?

Answer 15

The kidneys, then the heart

Question 16

TB of spine, spreads lungs →thoracics→ eats joint→ vertebra collapses → increased kyphoses = Gibbus deformity

Answer 16

Pott’s Disease

Question 17

Temporary loss of blood flow to the femoral head causing it to collapse and become irritated , most common in 4 to 8-year-old

Answer 17

Legg Calve Perthes (LCP)

Question 18

Narrowing joint spaces, subchondral sclerosis & osteoblastic activity. Weight bearing joints, Asymmetrical Labs are normal

Answer 18

Osteoarthritis
aka DJD (Degenerative Joint Disease)

Question 19

Increased occurrence in females 20-40. SYMMETRICAL wear, pannus formation, ulnar deviation, inflammation of synovium, affects limbs & cervicals, morning stiffness

Answer 19

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 20

RA + Pneumonia is called?

Answer 20

CAPLAN’S

Question 21

LONG standing RA (Hepatomeagaly, Splenomegaly) is called?

Answer 21

Felty’s syndrome

Question 22

Juvenille RA is called?

Answer 22

STILL’s

Question 23

Aka Reactive Arthritis, STD Reactive arthritis. More common in adult men, Chlamydia, feet and spine, CONJUNCTIVITIS, urethritis, & arthritis. “Lover’s Heel”

Hint: Can’t see, Can’t pee, Can’t dance with me

Answer 23

Reiter’s

Question 24

Affects joints (debris, dysfunction, deformity, dislocation, destructive, distention, disease). You can’t feel the joint and you are doing damage without knowing

Answer 24

Charcot Joint aka Neurogenic Joint

Question 25

Pencil-in-cup deformity in phalanx, destroys joints. “Pitted nails” “SILVER SCALES” “ray sign” on Xray.

Answer 25

Psoriatic arthritis

70% skin, 30% arthritis

Question 26

Tophi, podagra, destruction around joint, purine metabolism problem. Uric acid crystals

Answer 26

GOUT

Question 27

Calcium pyrophosphate crystals settling in joint, typically knee

Answer 27

Pseudogout aka CPPD

Question 28

Symmetrical, starts in SI joints, young males, poker or bamboo spine.

HLA - B27, breathing difficulties, trolley track & dagger sign, shiny corner sign on Xray

Answer 28

Ankylosing Spondylitis
aka MARIE STRUMPELL

Question 29

Males over 50-years-old, ALL calcification, cervical pain, stiffness & decreased ROM. Affects the cervicals and is associated with DM.

Hint: toss a dish into the forrest

Answer 29

DISH (Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis)
aka FORESTIER’S Disease

Question 30

0-12 years old boys, autosomal recessive, severe - FATAL, pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles, increased CPK 30 times “X-linked”, mother to son, pelvis & legs

Answer 30

Erb-Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy

Question 31

10-70 year old, autosomal recessive, mild, less severe than Duchenne’s, slower, affects pelvis & legs

Answer 31

Becker Muscular Dystrophy

Question 32

10-20 year old, autosomal dominant, mild, affects face & shoulders

Answer 32

Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy

Question 33

Adults, autosomal dominant, slow progression, affects face, tongue & extremities

Answer 33

Myotonic Dystrophy

Question 34

Acute polyneuropathy, polyradiculitis, following surgery or immunization, Rapidly ASCENDING paralysis. Can last for hours, days, or months. Etiology unknown

Answer 34

Guillain-Barré
aka Acute Demyelinating Polyneuritis
aka Landry’s Paralysis

Question 35

Female, myoneural junction, decrease acetylcholine receptors, especially the cranial nerves, ptosis, diplopia, eyes effected 1st. This is a type II hypersensitivity.

Answer 35

Myasthenia Gravis aka Erb-Goldflam’s

Question 36

Muscle weakness, fatigue, and pain. Reduced reflexes and weakness in the muscles of the eyes. common with small cell carcinoma (lung), increased contractions with repeated stimuli. Autoimmune disorder.

Answer 36

Lambert-Eaton

Question 37

Autosomal dominant, onset in childhood, calf muscle atrophy, demyelination, pain. Loss of muscle bulk in legs, high arches, hammer toes.

Hint: She bit her calf

Answer 37

Charcot-Marie-Tooth

Question 38

Autosomal dominant, hyperextensible skin & joints due to malformed collagen, LARGE ARTERY FRAGILITY

Answer 38

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Question 39

30-40 year old, myalgia, early fatigue, painful cramps, weakness of exercising muscles, burgundy colored urine (mypglobinuria).

Answer 39

McArdle’s