Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Part 1 Boards > Pathology- Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Pathology- Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

What increases risks and affects all tissues in the body?

A

Smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are fatty streaks called?

A

Atheromas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A thrombus that has broken off is called an?

A

Emboli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the risk factors for cardiovascular disorders?

A

Hypertension
Increased serum lipids
smoking
Diabetes
Morbid obesity & male
Females after menopause
Older than 65
High LDLs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

FAST stands for?

A

Face
Arm
Speech
Time- within 5 hours (instructors said 2 hours)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fatty plaque build up in and on arterial walls

A

Atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Thickening of arterial walls, loss of elasticity, and calcification

A

Arteriosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Calcified tunica media, occurs in medium sized arteries (femoral, uterine, and radial)

Hint: a Monk wears a Medium FUR coat

A

Monckeberg arteriosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Proliferation intima, occurs in small vessels, obliterates artery

A

Obliterans arteriosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Arteriosclerosis of the extremities is called?

A

Peripheral arteriosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most common aneurysm occurs where?

A

Aorta (arch or abdominal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dissecting aneurysm has a common symptom of?

A

“tearing pain”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Longitudinal cleavage of the arterial media by a column of blood, has an acute onset. Most commonly is the abdominal aorta and 70% of patients have hypertension

A

Dissecting Aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where do Berry Aneurysms occur?

A

Circle of Willis (anterior communicating branches)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What aneurysm occurs in mostly young males and is characterized by subarachnoid & intracerebral hemorrhaging?

A

Berry Aneurysms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What artery is involved with chronic cerebral ischemia, strokes, and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)?

A

Internal Caroitd artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the artery in which the aneurysm causes cerebellar & brain stem ischemia & infacrtion

A

Vertebrobasilar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The most common peripheral aneurysm occurs where?

A

Popliteal artery (common to be bilateral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This aneurysm is characterized by myocardial infarction, chronic myocardial ischemia, angina, chronic heart failure, arrhythmias, & heart block

A

Coronary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the signs of Celiac & mesenteric aneurysms?

A

Intestinal ischemia & infarction (aka ischemic colitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

These are all signs of renal artery aneurysm

A

Renal artery stenosis
renovascular hypertension
renal ischemia & infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

This aneurysm will result in peripheral vascular disease, intermittent claudication, and gangrene

A

Iliofemoral aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms do what to the vertebral bodies and are part of what “family” in radiology?

A

Cause anterior vertebral body scalloping
Ivory White Vertebrae Family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

This etiology is unknown and occurs in patient over 40

A

Essential hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This is caused by sodium retention & increased peripheral resistance

A

Secondary Hypertension

25
Q

this is the earliest phase of hypertension

A

Benign hypertension

26
Q

This is characterized by acute ischemia to tissue vessel feeds, papilledema, retinal hemoorhages, a BP of ~200/150, fibroid necrosis o tunica media, intimal fibrosis, and narrowing of vessels

A

Malignant hypertension

27
Q

Typical symptoms of this are waking up with throbbing headaches in the occipital region and 50% of patients have a BP of 140/90

A

Hypertension

28
Q

What issues are caused by Hypertensive Heart Disease?

A

Increased work for the left ventricle causing hypertrophy and eventual FAILURE

29
Q

Hypertensive renal disease causes what?

A

Decreased GFR, loss of nephrons, eventual renal failure

30
Q

Hypertensive cerebral disease can cause what two things?

A

Thrombosis & stroke

31
Q

This can cause papilledema, retinal hemorrhaging, and fluffy exudate aka cotton wool spots

A

Hypertensive Retinal Disease

32
Q

This is congenital failure of closure between the pulmonary artery & aorta and occurs in up to 80% of premature births

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

33
Q

Altered structure and function of the right ventricle secondary to lung malfunction such as EMPHYSEMA, chronic bronchitis, and cystic fibrosis.

A

Cor Pilmonale

34
Q

What is the Tetralogy of Fallot

Hint: DRIP, due to a birth defect affecting normal blood flow through heart

A

Dextrorotation of the aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Intraventricular septal defect
Pulmonary artery stenosis

35
Q

Rheumatic fever affects what?

A

MITRAL & aortic valve, mitral typically first

36
Q

Small cell with little color due to be heme being removed is what?

A

MICROCYTIC Hypochromic anemia

37
Q

This anemia is common of females during child bearing years

A

Iron Deficiency anemia

38
Q

Chronic Hemorrhage anemia is common with what conditions?

A

Cancer
Ulcers
Gastritis

39
Q

What are the signals of triphasic color change?

A

Pallor
Cyanosis
Rubor

40
Q

These occur due to portal hpertension

A

Esophageal varicies

41
Q

What does Helicobacter Pylori cause?

A

Stomach Ulcerations

42
Q

This will occur when Meissner’s & Auerbach plexuses are damaged or altered

A

Hirschsprung’s disease (unable to pass stool due through colon due to neurological complications)

43
Q

B12 and Folate deficiency leads to?

A

Macrocytic normochromic anemia

44
Q

Deep sea diving can result in this

A

Air Emboli

45
Q

Macrocytic normochromic anemia has two causes- what are they?

A

B12- Pernicious- loss of parietal cells means no intrinsic factor, can’t absorb B12 for nerves and RBCs
B9- Folate

46
Q

What are the 3 kinds of Cardiomyopathy?

A

Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)
Hypertrophic Diastolic Disorder
Restrictive Diastolic Disorder

47
Q

This is gradual cardiac failure due to hypertrophy/dilation of the heart and is caused by VIRAL MYOCARDITIS

A

Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)

48
Q

This cardiomyopathy can be congenital, due to friedreich’s ataxia, glycogen storage disease, or being an infant of a diabetic mother. These cause heavy musculature hyper-contracting heart

A

Hypertrophic Diastolic Disorder

49
Q

Diastole & left ventricular filling is impeded due to amyloidosis, radiation-induced fibrosis, and is found in children

A

Restrictive diastolic disorder

50
Q

There are two kinds of infarction. One has tissue death, one does not. What are they?

A

Myocardial infarction= has tissue death due to O2 deficit
Angina= no tissue death

51
Q

What are the 3 kinds of angina?

A

Typical/stable
Unstable/Crescendo
PRINZMETAL

52
Q

This angina occurs at rest and is a coronary artery spasm

A

PRINZMETAL

53
Q

This angina is due to activity, emotional excitement, or increased cardiac work

A

Typical/stable

54
Q

This angia is close to MI, increased frequency, and has a prolonged duration

A

Unstable/Crescendo

55
Q

Ischemic Heart Disease is better known as?

A

Myocardial infarction

56
Q

What are the two types of MI?

A

Transmural infarct
Subendocardial infarct

57
Q

MI of the inner 1/3 or at most 1/2 of ventricular wall

A

Subendocardial infarct

58
Q

MI that is full or nearly full thickness of the ventricular wall

A

Transmural infarct

59
Q
A

Part 1 Boards (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions