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Part 1 Boards > Chem- Minerals- Macro & Micro > Flashcards

Chem- Minerals- Macro & Micro Flashcards

1
Q

Calcium in inversely related to what?

A

Phosphorus

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2
Q

Function of this mineral is muscle contraction, nerve regulation, and a component of bone

A

Calcium

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3
Q

Calcium is regulated by 3 hormones, what are they and where do they occur?

A

Vitamin D- Gut to blood
Calcitonin- (from Thyroid) Blood to bone (Osteoblast)
Parathyroid hormone- Bone to Blood (Osteoclasts)

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4
Q

Calcium deficiency can lead to?

A

Rickets, Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis, possible tetany

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5
Q

Calcium toxicity can lead to what 3 things?

A

Decreased muscle tone
Calcium deposits in soft tissue
Renal failure

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6
Q

This mineral is found in milk, green leafy veggies, canned fish with bones

A

Calcium

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7
Q

How many mg of Ca+ are found in the blood?

A

9-11mg/%

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8
Q

This mineral is a component of bones, ATP, & nucleic acids

A

Phosphorus

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9
Q

Phosphorus is regulated by which organ?

A

Kidneys

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10
Q

Phosphorus deficiency can lead to what 3 things?

A

Rickets, osteomalacia, and Renal dysfunction

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11
Q

Rickets & osteomalacia are diseases caused by deficiency in either or both of what two minerals?

A

Calcium, Phosphorus

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12
Q

Increased/Toxicity of Phosphorus can lead to ?

A

Bone loss (increased phosphorus means decreased calcium)

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13
Q

Sodium has what main function?

A

H2O distribution (Osmosis, Action Potential, bicarb)

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14
Q

Aldosterone regulates what two minerals?

A

Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)

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15
Q

What is the function of Potassium?

A

Nerve & Muscle action potential (intracellular)

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16
Q

Symptoms of Sodium deficency?

A

Hyponatremia, confusion, coma

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17
Q

Too much sodium can cause?

A

Hypertension (extracellular)

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18
Q

Potassium toxicity can cause?

A

Cardiac arrest

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19
Q

Potassium deficiency is commonly caused by what? What is a symptom of it?

A

Diuretics
Sx: muscle weakness

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20
Q

What is the function of Chlorine?

A

Acid-Base balance in blood
H2O balance

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21
Q

What can lead to chlorine deficiency?

A

vomitting

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22
Q

This mineral is a component of bones, a co-factor for kinase, and is needed for glucose breakdown

A

Magnesium

23
Q

What two macrominerals are not regulated by a hormone or organ

A

Chlorine, Magnesium

24
Q

Signs/Symptoms of magnesium deficiency are?

A

Diabetes
Hypertension
Increased blood cholesterol
spasms in blood vessels

25
Q

Magnesium is found in?

A

Most plants

26
Q

Magnesium toxicity leads to what symptoms?

A

Neuro symptoms similar to Parkinson’s

27
Q

What micromineral’s function is glucose transport?

A

Chromium

28
Q

What is chromium’s role in metabolism?

A

Helps bind insulin to cell

29
Q

Chromium deficiency can lead to what?

A

Impaired glucose tolerance

30
Q

What micromineral is a constituent of vitamin B12

A

Cobalt

31
Q

A lack of cobalt can lead to what disease?

A

Macrocyctic (pernicious) anemia

32
Q

This micromineral is transported by albumin and assists inmelanin formation

A

Copper

33
Q

What is Copper’s function?

hint: part of the ETC

A

Par of chytochrome A oxidase

34
Q

Copper deficiency can lead to what syndrome?

A

Menke’s Syndrome/Deterioration of the nervous system

35
Q

Iodine deficiency can arise as what in adults? In children?

A

Goiter, myxedema
Cretinism

36
Q

What is the function of Iodine?

A

Part of Thyroxine

37
Q

This is stored as Thyroglobulin in the thyroid

A

Iodine

38
Q

Iron is transported as ______________ & Stored as ___________

A

Transferrin
Ferritin

39
Q

Iron is found in what food?

A

Meat, liver, clams, oysters, tofu, egg yolk

40
Q

Iron deficiency can lead to what>

A

Hypochromic microcytic anemia

41
Q

Iron is part of what two heme enzymes?

A

Hemoglobin
Cytochromes

42
Q

This is a cofactor for decarboxylase

A

Manganese

43
Q

What is the metabolic functions of Manganese?

A

Hemoglobin, forms urea, growth, and reproduction

44
Q

Manganese deficiency leads to poor what?

A

Ligamentous Healing

45
Q

What micromineral is synergistic with Vitamin E?

A

Selenium

46
Q

Toxicity of Selenium leads to?
A deficiency leads to?

A

Hair/nail loss
def- cardiomyopathy

47
Q

Selenium is a cofactor for what?

A

Glutathione peroxidase (antioxidant)

48
Q

Food source for Zinc is?

A

Pumpkin seeds

49
Q

Lack of Zinc affects what?

A

Impaired wound healing

50
Q

Zinc toxicity causes what?

A

“Metal Fume Fever” which leads to neuro damage

51
Q

What is a cofactor for carbonic anhydrase?

A

Zinc

52
Q

Increases hardness of teeth?

A

Flourine

53
Q

Excess fluorine leads to?

A

Mottled teeth

54
Q

Fluorine deficiency is a partial cause to?

A

Dental Caries

Part 1 Boards (21 decks)

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