Chem- Nucelotides & Nucleic Acids

Question 1

What are the 3 components of a nucleotides?

Answer 1

Phosphate
Sugar
Nitrogenous Base

Question 2

Sugars of nucleotides can be what?

Answer 2

Deoxyribose (DNA)
Ribose (RNA)

Question 3

What are the 5 Nitrogenous Bases?

Answer 3

Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
Uracil (U)
Thymine (T)

Question 4

What are the 2 categories of Nitrogenous bases?

Answer 4

Purines
Pyrimidines

Question 5

What makes up the purines?

Hint: All Gems are PURe

Answer 5

Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)

Question 6

What makes up the Pyrimidines?

Hint: CUT the PY

Answer 6

Cytosine (C)
Uracil (U)
Thymine (T)

Question 7

If a phosphate is removed from a nucleotide it is called a _____?

Answer 7

Nucleoside

Question 8

These hold nucleotides together within one strand

Answer 8

PHOSPHODIESTER bonds

Question 9

what bonds hold base pairs between complimentary strands of DNA?

Answer 9

HYDROGEN bonds (easily broken)

Question 10

Adenine bonds to ?

Answer 10

Thymine

Question 11

Guanine bonds to?

Answer 11

Cytosine

Question 12

Two ways to remember DNA base pairs?

Answer 12

All Tall Guys Can Dunk
one purine to one pyrimidine

Question 13

DNA replication/synthesis occurs where?

Answer 13

In the nucleus

Question 14

How many chromosomes are in the nucleus during synthesis?

Answer 14

92 chromosomes after doubling

Question 15

What enzyme unwinds DNA strands?

Answer 15

Topoisomerase (helicase)

Question 16

Wha makes new DNA from the parent DNA strand acting as a template?

Answer 16

DNA polymerase

Question 17

what action is defined as “doubled 92 chromosome DNA is split into two identical 46 chromosome daughter DNA sets”?

Answer 17

Mitosis

Question 18

Where does transcription occur?

Answer 18

NUCLEOLUS

Question 19

A DNA template that is read 3 bases at a time is referred to as a ?

Answer 19

Code

Question 20

RNA polymerase reaches a section of DNA that causes the polymerase & RNA primer to fall off the DNA, which then rewinds itself. What is the sequence/section/code called that triggers this?

Answer 20

Termination sequence

Question 21

Post transcription the RNA does what?

Answer 21

Leaves the nucleus and foes to work in the cytoplasm

Question 22

What are the 3 types of RNA?

Answer 22

Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 23

Holds the information to determine amino acid SEQUENCE order

Answer 23

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 24

Mani component of the ribosomal unit which MOVES ALONG MRNA

Answer 24

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 25

This binds to a ribosome before translation (protein synthesis) can occur

Answer 25

mRNA

Question 25

JUMPS ON AND OFF" the rRNA, carrying the amino acids with it

Answer 25

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 26

3 bases (nucleotides) in the mRNA chain to code for one amino acid

Answer 26

Codon

Question 27

tRNA has 3 bases that is complementary to a specific codon

Answer 27

Anticodon

Question 28

in RNA Adenine binds to what?

Answer 28

Uracil (U)

Question 29

Translation aka protein synthesis takes place where?

Answer 29

Ribosomes

Question 30

What is the start codon sequence?

Answer 30

AUG

Question 31

What are the 3 stop codon sequences? Hint: it all STARTS and ENDS with U

Answer 31

UAA UAG UGA

Question 32

what does the Krebs cycle start with?

Answer 32

Pyruvate undergoes Oxidative Decarboxylation to Acetyl-CoA

Question 33

What does this stand for? Our Cousin Clyde Is Always Keeping Singapore Slings From Mallory

Answer 33

Krebs cycle=> Oxaloacetate Citrate Cis-aconitic Isocitrate (NAD= to NADH) A-Ketoglutarate (NAD= NADH) Succinyl-coa Succinate Fumarate (FAD= FADH) (Water added) Malate (NAD=NADH)