Pathology- GI & Esophageal disorders

Question 1

This GI disorder is described as impaired esophageal peristalsis/lower esophageal sphincter contraction and narrowing of the esophagus

Answer 1

Achalasia

Question 2

Symptoms of this disorder are dysphagia with solids & liquids, chest pain, regurgitation and a nocturnal cough

Answer 2

Achalasia

Question 3

Having a mucosal membrane across the lumen or “webs in your pipes” describes what?

Answer 3

Plummer Vinson
aka Paterson-Kelly

Question 4

Varicosities in the esophagus and PORTAL hypertension

Answer 4

Esophageal varices

Question 5

Chronic irritation of the viscera can lead to what?

Answer 5

Cancer

Question 6

Incompetence of lower esophageal sphincter that results in reflux & Barrett’s esophagus

Answer 6

GERD

Question 7

This disorder is characterized by an out-pouching of the mucosa & submucosa posteriorly leaving an area that can fill with food. Possible regurgitation when bending over or supine

Answer 7

Esophageal Diverticula aka Zenker’s

Question 8

A laceration of the distal esophagus & proximal stomach due to vomiting, retching, or hiccups. Homorrhaging can also occur in ALCOHOLICS

Answer 8

MALLORY- WEISS

Question 9

What is Hematomesis?

Answer 9

Vomitting blood

Question 10

What is Hemoptosis?

Answer 10

Coughing up blood

Question 11

What are the 2 kinds of Ulcers (peptic) in the stomach?

Answer 11

Duodenal
Gastric

Question 12

Most common ulcer, burning or gnawing pain, vomiting

Answer 12

Duodenal

Question 13

Ulcer that is caused by HELICOBACTER PYLORI & NSAIDs

Answer 13

Gastric ulcers

Question 14

this stomach disorder commonly occurs along the lesser curvature of the stomach

Answer 14

Gastric Ulcer

Question 15

This stomach disorder occurs most frequently along the greater curvature of the stomach, has unrelenting pain, and UNEXPLAINED weight loss

Answer 15

Stomach Cancer

Question 16

“MALLORY bodies” is caused by?

Answer 16

Alcoholic Hepatitis

Question 17

Inflammation of the liver?

Answer 17

Hepatitis

Question 18

Secondary to chronic alcohol abuse, aka Fatty liver

Answer 18

Cirrhosis

Question 19

Potential causes to unexplained weight loss?

Answer 19

Cancer, Diabetes, AIDs

Question 20

Skip lesions are a sign of ?

Answer 20

Chron’s disease

Question 21

Ulcerative colitis can lead to what?

Answer 21

Malabsorption

Question 22

Bowel pathologies are most common in the _____ and second most in the _______

Answer 22

Sigmoid colon
Descending colon

Question 23

What are the 3 D’s of bowel pathologies?

Answer 23

Diverticulum
Diverticulosis
Diverticulitis

Question 24

A pouch or sac through a defect in the bowel

Answer 24

Diverticulum

Question 25

this is the presence of diverticula without inflammation

Answer 25

Diverticulosis

Question 26

Inflammation of the diverticular mucosa

Answer 26

Diverticulitis

Question 27

What are the symptoms of Diverticulitis?

Answer 27

Severe abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and a change in bowel habits

Question 28

This condition is episodic, has bloody diarrhea, and fever but is characterized with water stools and mucosal ulcerations.

Answer 28

Ulcerative colitis

Question 29

This condition is episodic but has constipation and diarrhea. Most notably there is gas and distention as well as pencil thin stools

Answer 29

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Question 30

Characterized by “skip lesions” in the distal ileum & colon. Symptoms are chronic diarrhea, fever, and anorexia

Answer 30

CHRON’S aka Refional Enteritis

Question 31

Congenital absence of Meissner’s & Auerbach’s plexus leads to this issue

Answer 31

Hirschsprung’s aka Congenital megacolon

Question 32

Meissner’s & Auerbach’s autonomic plexus is controlled by the what?

Answer 32

Enteric Nervous System

Question 33

Celiac disease is an intolerance to wheat that can cause what type of damage and leaves the patient with this stool symptom

Answer 33

Intestinal mucosal damage
Steatorrhea aka fatty stools

Question 34

This disease has a triad of symptoms (sore tongue, diarrhea, weight loss) and is due to mucosal abnormalities in small bowel

Answer 34

Tropical Sprue

Question 35

This is a small voewl infection that is progressive and FATAL.

Answer 35

Whipple’s disease

Question 36

Symptoms for this disease are anemia, weight loss, skin pigmentation, diarrhea, joint symptoms, severe malabsorption, abdominal pain, cough, lymph obstruction, and pleuritic pain. Most common in Male 30-60 years old

Answer 36

Whipple’s disease

Question 37

This is an aggressive peptic ulcer/tumor that can PERFORATE through the bowel lining

Answer 37

Zollinger-Ellison

Question 38

This produces polyps and is found in the ascending colon

Hint- Polyps growing up

Answer 38

Gardener’s Syndrome