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Part 1 Boards > Chem- Biochemical Energetics > Flashcards

Chem- Biochemical Energetics Flashcards

1
Q

What enzyme converts pyruvate to Acetyl CoA

A

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

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2
Q

PDH complex requires what 5 coenzymes?

Hint: These Five Coenzymes Love Nutrition

A

Thiamine pyrophosphate (B1)
FAD (from B2)
CoA (From B5)
Lipoic Acid
NAD (B3)

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3
Q

The pre-krebs cycle step converting Pyruvate produces what?

A

Acetyl-CoA
NADH
CO2

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4
Q

What are the products for ONE turn of the Krebs cycle?

Hint: 12;31

A

1 ATP/GTP
2 CO2
3 NADH
1 FADH2

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5
Q

Kreb’s cycle occurs in the?

A

Mitochondira

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6
Q

Krebs cycle needs to occur in/requires?

A

Aerobic conditioons

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7
Q

What forms GTP (–>ATP)?

A

Succinyl CoA synthetase (Succinyl CoA–> Succinate)

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8
Q

Succinate dehydrogenase requires ?

A

FAD (Succinate –> Fumarate)

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9
Q

Succinate thiokinase role is?

A

Produciton of ATP in Kreb’s cycle

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9
Q

Where does the ETC occur?

A

Inner fold of inner mitochondrial membrane

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10
Q

What is the electron acceptor in the ETC?

A

Oxygen, which forms water

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11
Q

What are the energy releases in the ETC?

A

Hydrogen ions from NADH & FADHs passing cytochromes to one another

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12
Q

ETC is said to be “coupled” with what other reaction?

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

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13
Q

Oxidation of each molecule during oxidative phosphorylation results in what per molecule of NADH & FADH2?

A

NADH= 3 ATP
FADH2= 2 ATP

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14
Q

The krebs cycle produces how many ATP total?

A

30 ATP

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15
Q

The Glycerol-3-phosphate shunt makes how many ATP?

A

4 ATP

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16
Q

Glycolysis makes how many ATP?

A

2 ATP

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17
Q

How many total ATP can be produce in one full cycle of our bioenergetics systems?

A

36 ATP per complete cycle.

(pick 38 if 36 not there)

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18
Q

What interferes with the ETC by binding to iron?

A

Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide

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19
Q

What do antioxidants do?

A

decrease free radicals, therefore, decrease cancer cell production

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20
Q

Name the 7 common antioxidants

Hint: LLACESZ

A

Lutein
Lycopene
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin E
Selenium
Zink & Chromium

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21
Q

Phosphorylation is Glucose +ATP → ????? + ????

A

glucose-6-phosphate +ADP

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22
Q

Phosphorylation costs?

A

1 ATP

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23
Q

What enzyme does Phosphorylation need?

A

Glucokinase (liver)
Hexokinase (all other)

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24
Q

Name the steps to glycolysis

Hint: PIP CIO TID TR

A

Pop- Phosphorylation
Iso- Isomerization
Pop- Phosphorylation

Center- Cleavage
Iso- Isomerization
Out- Oxidation

Tackle- Transfer of phosphate group
Iso- Isomerization
Dive- Dehydration

Tackle- Transfer of phosphate
Round- Reduction

25
Q

Fructose 6-phosphate + ATP yields? What is this called? Cost?

A

Fructose 1,6-biphosphate + ADP.
Is called phosphorylation.
Costs 1 ATP

26
Q

Cleaving Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate yields?

A

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + dihydroxyacetone phosphate

27
Q

What enzymes does the cleavage of Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate need?

A

Aldolase

28
Q

phosphorylation of Fructose 6-phosphate needs what enzyme?

A

Phosphofructokinase (PFK) (allosteric enzyme) NOT REVERSIBLE

29
Q

isomerization of G6P needs what enzyme?

A

Phosphoglucoisomersase
aka glucosephosphate isomerase

30
Q

isomerization of dihydroxyacetone phosphate yields?

A

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate (G3P)

31
Q

Oxidize G3P + NAD+ Pi yeilds?

A

NADH + 1,3-Biphosphoglycerate & H+

32
Q

1,3-Biphosphoglycerate + ADP =?

A

3-Phosphoglycerate & 1 ATP
(Synthesizes an ATP)

33
Q

If you Iso 3-phosphoglycerate you get?

A

2-phosphoglycerate

34
Q

DEHDYDRATE 2-phosphoglycerate = ?

A

phosphenolpyruvate + H2O

35
Q

phosphenolpyruvate + ADP =?

A

pyruvate + 1 ATP (synthesize ATP)

36
Q

reducing pyruvate + NADH+ H=?

A

Lactate & NAD+

37
Q

If glycolysis occurs in anaerobic conditons you get?

A

Lactate from pyruvate

38
Q

glycolysis occurs in the?

A

Cytosol

39
Q

gluconeogenesis inhibts?

A

Insulin

40
Q

Gluconeogenesis occurs in the?

A

cytoplasm & mitochondria of the LIVER

41
Q

Gluconeogenesis can not use what?

A

Leucine- leucine is ketogenic

42
Q

Glycolysis stimulates?

A

Insulin

43
Q

Glycogenesis stimulates?

A

Insulin

44
Q

Glycogenolysis inhibits?

A

Insulin

45
Q

Gluconeogenesis & glycogenolysis both stimulate what substances?

A

Cortisol
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Glucagon

46
Q

Lipolysis stimulates? inhibits?

A

Stim= Epinephrine, Norepi., Glucagon, GH, Cafeine
Inhibit= Insulin & ATP

47
Q

Lipogenesis stimulates? Inhibits?

A

Stim= Insulin & ATP

Inhibit= Epinephrine & glucagon

48
Q

Glycolysis produces what?

A

2Pyruvate
2ATP
2NADH

49
Q

Glycogenesis produces?

A

Glycogen

50
Q

Lipolysis produces?

A

Ketone bodies

51
Q

glycogenolysis produces?

A

glucose 1-phosphate

52
Q

Wheat &rice are missing?

A

Lysine

53
Q

Legumes are missing?

Hint: can’t make meth out of beans

A

Methionine

54
Q

Corn missing?

A

Lysine & tryptophan

55
Q

Enantiomers are?

A

Mirror Image

56
Q

Stereoisomers are what?

A

Atoms bonded in the same order but differ in precise orientation

57
Q

Epimers are what?

A

Sugar differing in configuration at a single asymmetric center

58
Q

Biles salts rule of thumb?

A

Names end in “cholic acid” or “cholate”

59
Q
A

Part 1 Boards (21 decks)

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