Chem- Biochemical Energetics

Question 1

What enzyme converts pyruvate to Acetyl CoA

Answer 1

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

Question 2

PDH complex requires what 5 coenzymes?

Hint: These Five Coenzymes Love Nutrition

Answer 2

Thiamine pyrophosphate (B1)
FAD (from B2)
CoA (From B5)
Lipoic Acid
NAD (B3)

Question 3

The pre-krebs cycle step converting Pyruvate produces what?

Answer 3

Acetyl-CoA
NADH
CO2

Question 4

What are the products for ONE turn of the Krebs cycle?

Hint: 12;31

Answer 4

1 ATP/GTP
2 CO2
3 NADH
1 FADH2

Question 5

Kreb’s cycle occurs in the?

Answer 5

Mitochondira

Question 6

Krebs cycle needs to occur in/requires?

Answer 6

Aerobic conditioons

Question 7

What forms GTP (–>ATP)?

Answer 7

Succinyl CoA synthetase (Succinyl CoA–> Succinate)

Question 8

Succinate dehydrogenase requires ?

Answer 8

FAD (Succinate –> Fumarate)

Question 9

Succinate thiokinase role is?

Answer 9

Produciton of ATP in Kreb’s cycle

Question 9

Where does the ETC occur?

Answer 9

Inner fold of inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 10

What is the electron acceptor in the ETC?

Answer 10

Oxygen, which forms water

Question 11

What are the energy releases in the ETC?

Answer 11

Hydrogen ions from NADH & FADHs passing cytochromes to one another

Question 12

ETC is said to be “coupled” with what other reaction?

Answer 12

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 13

Oxidation of each molecule during oxidative phosphorylation results in what per molecule of NADH & FADH2?

Answer 13

NADH= 3 ATP
FADH2= 2 ATP

Question 14

The krebs cycle produces how many ATP total?

Answer 14

30 ATP

Question 15

The Glycerol-3-phosphate shunt makes how many ATP?

Answer 15

4 ATP

Question 16

Glycolysis makes how many ATP?

Answer 16

2 ATP

Question 17

How many total ATP can be produce in one full cycle of our bioenergetics systems?

Answer 17

36 ATP per complete cycle.

(pick 38 if 36 not there)

Question 18

What interferes with the ETC by binding to iron?

Answer 18

Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide

Question 19

What do antioxidants do?

Answer 19

decrease free radicals, therefore, decrease cancer cell production

Question 20

Name the 7 common antioxidants

Hint: LLACESZ

Answer 20

Lutein
Lycopene
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin E
Selenium
Zink & Chromium

Question 21

Phosphorylation is Glucose +ATP → ????? + ????

Answer 21

glucose-6-phosphate +ADP

Question 22

Phosphorylation costs?

Answer 22

1 ATP

Question 23

What enzyme does Phosphorylation need?

Answer 23

Glucokinase (liver)
Hexokinase (all other)

Question 24

Name the steps to glycolysis Hint: PIP CIO TID TR

Answer 24

Pop- Phosphorylation Iso- Isomerization Pop- Phosphorylation Center- Cleavage Iso- Isomerization Out- Oxidation Tackle- Transfer of phosphate group Iso- Isomerization Dive- Dehydration Tackle- Transfer of phosphate Round- Reduction

Question 25

Fructose 6-phosphate + ATP yields? What is this called? Cost?

Answer 25

Fructose 1,6-biphosphate + ADP. Is called phosphorylation. Costs 1 ATP

Question 26

Cleaving Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate yields?

Answer 26

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Question 27

What enzymes does the cleavage of Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate need?

Answer 27

Aldolase

Question 28

phosphorylation of Fructose 6-phosphate needs what enzyme?

Answer 28

Phosphofructokinase (PFK) (allosteric enzyme) NOT REVERSIBLE

Question 29

isomerization of G6P needs what enzyme?

Answer 29

Phosphoglucoisomersase aka glucosephosphate isomerase

Question 30

isomerization of dihydroxyacetone phosphate yields?

Answer 30

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate (G3P)

Question 31

Oxidize G3P + NAD+ Pi yeilds?

Answer 31

NADH + 1,3-Biphosphoglycerate & H+

Question 32

1,3-Biphosphoglycerate + ADP =?

Answer 32

3-Phosphoglycerate & 1 ATP (Synthesizes an ATP)

Question 33

If you Iso 3-phosphoglycerate you get?

Answer 33

2-phosphoglycerate

Question 34

DEHDYDRATE 2-phosphoglycerate = ?

Answer 34

phosphenolpyruvate + H2O

Question 35

phosphenolpyruvate + ADP =?

Answer 35

pyruvate + 1 ATP (synthesize ATP)

Question 36

reducing pyruvate + NADH+ H=?

Answer 36

Lactate & NAD+

Question 37

If glycolysis occurs in anaerobic conditons you get?

Answer 37

Lactate from pyruvate

Question 38

glycolysis occurs in the?

Answer 38

Cytosol

Question 39

gluconeogenesis inhibts?

Answer 39

Insulin

Question 40

Gluconeogenesis occurs in the?

Answer 40

cytoplasm & mitochondria of the LIVER

Question 41

Gluconeogenesis can not use what?

Answer 41

Leucine- leucine is ketogenic

Question 42

Glycolysis stimulates?

Answer 42

Insulin

Question 43

Glycogenesis stimulates?

Answer 43

Insulin

Question 44

Glycogenolysis inhibits?

Answer 44

Insulin

Question 45

Gluconeogenesis & glycogenolysis both stimulate what substances?

Answer 45

Cortisol Epinephrine Norepinephrine Glucagon

Question 46

Lipolysis stimulates? inhibits?

Answer 46

Stim= Epinephrine, Norepi., Glucagon, GH, Cafeine Inhibit= Insulin & ATP

Question 47

Lipogenesis stimulates? Inhibits?

Answer 47

Stim= Insulin & ATP Inhibit= Epinephrine & glucagon

Question 48

Glycolysis produces what?

Answer 48

2Pyruvate 2ATP 2NADH

Question 49

Glycogenesis produces?

Answer 49

Glycogen

Question 50

Lipolysis produces?

Answer 50

Ketone bodies

Question 51

glycogenolysis produces?

Answer 51

glucose 1-phosphate

Question 52

Wheat &rice are missing?

Answer 52

Lysine

Question 53

Legumes are missing? Hint: can't make meth out of beans

Answer 53

Methionine

Question 54

Corn missing?

Answer 54

Lysine & tryptophan

Question 55

Enantiomers are?

Answer 55

Mirror Image

Question 56

Stereoisomers are what?

Answer 56

Atoms bonded in the same order but differ in precise orientation

Question 57

Epimers are what?

Answer 57

Sugar differing in configuration at a single asymmetric center

Question 58

Biles salts rule of thumb?

Answer 58

Names end in "cholic acid" or "cholate"