Chem- Enzymes

Question 1

Most enzymes are what macro?

Answer 1

Proteins

Question 2

Enzymes work for?

Answer 2

One reaction specifically

Question 3

Catabolic?

Answer 3

Breakdown, GENERATES energy

Question 4

Anabolic?

Answer 4

Build up, NEEDS energy

Question 5

Rate limiting step of the Kreb’s cycle?

Answer 5

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 6

Rate limiting step of HMP Shunt?

Answer 6

G-6-P dehydrogenase

Question 7

Rate limiting step of Fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 7

Acetyl CoA carboxylase

Question 8

Rate limiting step of beta Oxidation?

Answer 8

Carnitine acyltransferase I

Question 9

Rate limiting step of Urea cycle?

Answer 9

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

Question 10

Enzyme + Cofacor =?

Answer 10

Holoenzyme

Question 11

Enzyme without a cofactor is?

Answer 11

Apoenzyme

Question 12

What regulates the rate of enzyme synthesis at the DNA level?

Answer 12

Steroids

Question 13

This is a protein that becomes an active enzyme when parts are removed (eg. pepsinogen- pepsin)

Answer 13

Zymogen activation

Question 14

An area on the enzyme where a compound may bind and change the rate of activity

Answer 14

Allosteric site

Question 15

Substrates _______ a reaction, products _______ a reaction

Answer 15

stimulate; inhibit

Question 16

This is proportional to enzyme concentration

Answer 16

Reaction velocity

Question 17

This term describes when the concentration of substrate at which an enzyme yields 1/2 Vmax

Answer 17

Michaelis-Menten Constant

Question 18

What is the function of a Kinase?

Answer 18

Transfers a PHOSPHATE (usually from ATP). Example- Hexokinase

Question 19

What is the function of Oxidoreductase?

Answer 19

Moves HYDROGEN. Can be catabolic or anabolic in function

Question 20

NAD/NADH are common oxidoreductases. Which one builds and which one breaks?

Answer 20

NAD- Breaks molecules
NADH- Builds molecules

Question 21

Steroid suffix?

Answer 21

Suffix ONE- testosterone

Question 22

Peptide suffix?

Answer 22

Suffix IN- Insulin

Question 23

Amino acid derivative suffix?

Answer 23

Suffix INE- epinephrine

Question 24

Amino acid TYROSINE forms what hormone?

Answer 24

Epinephrine

Question 25

Epinephrine stimulates? Inhibits?

Answer 25

Stim= pathways which produce energy
Inhibit= Pathways that store energy

Question 26

Insulin comes from… and is made by…

Answer 26

Comes from Islets of Langerhans
Is made by Beta Cells

Question 27

Insulin stimulates…. and inhibits…

Answer 27

Stim= Pathways that store energy
Inhibit- Hormone sensitive lipase

Question 28

Peptide hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas and has the opposite effect of insulin

Answer 28

Glucagon

Question 29

Glucagon stimulates? but does not stimulate?

Answer 29

Glycogenolysis
not stimulate glycolysis

Question 30

What is the function of glucagon?

Answer 30

release glucose into the blood

Question 31

Steroid is derived from?

Answer 31

CHOLESTEROL

Question 32

Steroids increase?

Answer 32

Synthesis of particular enzymes/proteins

Question 33

Where are steroids produced?

Answer 33

Adrenal cortex

Question 34

What are the 3 types of steroids?

Hint: Sweet, Salty, Sexy

Answer 34

Glucocorticoids
Mineralcorticoids
Gonadocorticoids

Question 35

What do glucocorticoids do?

Answer 35

Promote Gluconeogenesis
Increase protein breakdown
increases beta oxidation & ketogenesis

Question 36

What is an example of glucocorticoids?

Answer 36

Cortisol, hydroxycortisone, and cortisone

Question 37

What is the function of mineralcorticoids?

Answer 37

regulating electrolyte balance
enhance retention of sodium
excretion of potassium, ammonia, & protons

Question 38

Example of mineralcorticoid?

Answer 38

aldosterone

Question 39

What are the functions of gonadocorticoids?
male gonadocorticoid?
Female Gonadocorticoid?

Answer 39

Responsible for secondary sexual characteristics once puberty occurs
Male- Androgens (testosterone)
Female- Estrogens & progestins (estradiol, estrone, progresterone)