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Part 1 Boards > Microbiology- Immunology > Flashcards

Microbiology- Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 phagocytic cells?

A

Neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages;

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2
Q

What 3 cells release inflammatory mediators?

A

Basophils, mast cells, eosinophils

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3
Q

What cell is the innate immune system?

A

Macrophages

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4
Q

Roles of cytokines?

A

activate helper &cytotoxic T-cells,
kill pathogen or tumor cels

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5
Q

3 kinds of T cells are?

A

Killer T, Helper T, Regulatory T

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6
Q

What makes up the adaptive immune system?

A

Killer T, Helper T, Regulatory T

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7
Q

What is the target of antibody & T-cells?

A

Antigen

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8
Q

What is the attachment site called?

A

Epitope

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9
Q

found on surface of most cells in body, inform killer T cells what’s
going on INSIDE other cells

A

Class 1 histocompatibility complex protein

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10
Q

made by antigen presenting cels (e.g. macrophage), informs
helper T-cells problems exist OUTSIDE of cells

A

Class 2 histocompatibility complex protein

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11
Q

Doesn’t kill anything however, plant the “kiss of death” on an invader

A

Antibody

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12
Q

Prepare to “eat”

A

Opsonization

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13
Q

20 different proteins (made by liver) working together to destroy
invaders/signal immune system players “attack” is on

A

complement system

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14
Q

depends on antibodies for activation

A

Complement classic pathway

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15
Q

antibody independent

A

Complement alternative pathway

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16
Q

Mannose-binds lectin →lectin binds carb molecule carb molecule on pathogens

A

Complement Lectin Activation path

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17
Q

Type I Hypersensitivity

A

immediate hypersensitivity

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18
Q

Type II Hypersensitivity

A

Antibody mediated

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19
Q

Type III Hypersensitivity

A

Immune complex mediated

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20
Q

Type IV Hypersensitivity

A

T cell mediated

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21
Q

IgE, mast cels, basophils, allergic mediators
Anaphylaxis, hay fever, asthma
Bee stings, peanuts, penicillin

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity- immediate

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22
Q

IgG, IgM cause cel lysis (some autoimmune diseases)
Blood group incompatibility, pernicious anemia, myasthenia gravis

A

Type II hypersensitivity- Antibody mediated

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23
Q

IgG, antibody-mediated inflammation, (some autoimmune diseases)
SLE, RA, serum sickness, rheumatic fever
Crosses the placenta

A

Type 3 hypersensitivity- Immune complex mediated

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24
Q

Delayed
Infections, dermatitis, graft rejections
can occur months later

A

Type IV hypersensitivity- T cell mediated

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25
chronic autoimmune disorder, antibodies destroy communication between nerves & skeletal muscle. Especially around eyes, mouth, throat and limbs, can look like stroke
Myasthenia Gravis
26
caused by proteins from mold or plant spores
Hay fever
27
caused by dust mites, cockroaches, rodents & household pets
Asthma
28
called "atopic", make large amounts IgE antibody Hint: IgEEEE for _______
Allergic individuals
29
live 1-day in blood, however, when attached to mast cels, lives several weeks
IgE antibodies
30
histamine &other enzymes/chemicals
Granules
31
respond & degranulate
Mast cells
32
attach to IgE
Basophils
33
chronic allergic reaction
Eosinophils
34
more susceptible ot allergies - produce more IgE antibodies
Hereditary immunopathologies
35
self-reactive lymphocytes repeatedly stimulated, swollen lymph nodes
Canale-Smith Syndrome
36
organ specific immune disease -B cells target
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
37
self-reactive antibodies bind to receptors for acetylcholine (NT), attacks the "myo-neuro junction" CN of face
Myasthenia gravis
38
CNS - self-reactive T cells, myelin sheaths destroyed .1 Macrophages recruited by cytokines secreted by T-cells .2 Activated T cells can cross blood brain barrier
Multiple sclerosis
39
chronic inflammation joints 1. IgM-IgG antibody activates macrophages .2 increased inflammatory reaction
Rheumatoid arthritis
40
affects 250,000 people in US (90% are women) -Red facial rash MALAR, butterfly or "red wolf" rash -Inflammation of lungs, arthritis, kidney damage, hair loss, paralysis & convulsions is caused by breakdown B&T cells that make IgG antibodies
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
41
-THYMIC tissue missing Susceptible to life-threatening infections No T cells Chromosome 22 condition
DiGeorge syndrome
42
no T or B cells
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome
43
once infected, will acquire immunodeficiencies Pneumocystis CARINII Kaposi's sarcoma, targets helper T cells, macrophages & dendritic cells
AIDS
44
Noninfectious vaccines are aka ____ treated
SALK- is a killed virus
45
SALK treated virus looks like polio to immune system nonfunctional, not 10% guaranteed to kill all of virus generates memory helper T-cells &B-cells but NOT memory killer Tcells What is this describing?
Noninfectious vaccines
46
WEAKENED form of microbe Produce memory killer T cells (immunodepressed patients cannot tolerate this vaccine)
Attenuated vaccines
47
Attenuated vaccines are aka?
SABIN- live & attenuated
48
The MMR vaccine is a what?
Attenuated vaccine
49
Genetically engineered Introduces a single gene from pathogenic microbe into virus Called a "Trojan horse" Doesn't cause disease
Carrier Vaccine
50
inject a piece of DNA which has flu virus gene
DNA vaccines
51
live (attenuated) or killed viruses result in this
active immunity
52
This occurs naturally through mother's milk or after an injection
Passive Immunity
53
Both Immune globuins (aka immunoglobulins, gamma globulins) & vaccine
Passive-active immunity
54
Infections, dermatitis, graft rejections are examples of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Type IV
55
SLE & RA are examples of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Type III
56
This bacteria dyes purple in stain
Gram positive bacteria
57
This bacteria dyes red in stain
Gram Negative bacteria
58
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, enzyme labels antibody for HIV
ELISAs
59
Verifies presence of antibodies against HIV (AIDS confirmation test)
Western Blot (aka immunoblots)
60
Blood typing, pregnancy testing This is used for salmonelosis, brucelosis, gonorhea, ricketsial, mycoplasma, yeast, typhoid fever & meningitis
Agglutination
61
Presents antigen to T cell
Macrophages
62
Type I hypersensitivity reaction?
Anaphylaxis
63
Type III hypersensitivity reaction examples
SLE, RA
64
Type IV examples
Infection, dermatitis
65
Inactivates pathogens
NK cells
66
Part of antigen recognized by immune system
Epitope
67

Part 1 Boards (21 decks)

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