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Part 1 Boards > Microbiology- Immunology > Flashcards

Microbiology- Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 phagocytic cells?

A

Neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages;

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2
Q

What 3 cells release inflammatory mediators?

A

Basophils, mast cells, eosinophils

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3
Q

What cell is the innate immune system?

A

Macrophages

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4
Q

Roles of cytokines?

A

activate helper &cytotoxic T-cells,
kill pathogen or tumor cels

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5
Q

3 kinds of T cells are?

A

Killer T, Helper T, Regulatory T

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6
Q

What makes up the adaptive immune system?

A

Killer T, Helper T, Regulatory T

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7
Q

What is the target of antibody & T-cells?

A

Antigen

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8
Q

What is the attachment site called?

A

Epitope

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9
Q

found on surface of most cells in body, inform killer T cells what’s
going on INSIDE other cells

A

Class 1 histocompatibility complex protein

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10
Q

made by antigen presenting cels (e.g. macrophage), informs
helper T-cells problems exist OUTSIDE of cells

A

Class 2 histocompatibility complex protein

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11
Q

Doesn’t kill anything however, plant the “kiss of death” on an invader

A

Antibody

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12
Q

Prepare to “eat”

A

Opsonization

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13
Q

20 different proteins (made by liver) working together to destroy
invaders/signal immune system players “attack” is on

A

complement system

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14
Q

depends on antibodies for activation

A

Complement classic pathway

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15
Q

antibody independent

A

Complement alternative pathway

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16
Q

Mannose-binds lectin →lectin binds carb molecule carb molecule on pathogens

A

Complement Lectin Activation path

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17
Q

Type I Hypersensitivity

A

immediate hypersensitivity

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18
Q

Type II Hypersensitivity

A

Antibody mediated

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19
Q

Type III Hypersensitivity

A

Immune complex mediated

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20
Q

Type IV Hypersensitivity

A

T cell mediated

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21
Q

IgE, mast cels, basophils, allergic mediators
Anaphylaxis, hay fever, asthma
Bee stings, peanuts, penicillin

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity- immediate

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22
Q

IgG, IgM cause cel lysis (some autoimmune diseases)
Blood group incompatibility, pernicious anemia, myasthenia gravis

A

Type II hypersensitivity- Antibody mediated

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23
Q

IgG, antibody-mediated inflammation, (some autoimmune diseases)
SLE, RA, serum sickness, rheumatic fever
Crosses the placenta

A

Type 3 hypersensitivity- Immune complex mediated

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24
Q

Delayed
Infections, dermatitis, graft rejections
can occur months later

A

Type IV hypersensitivity- T cell mediated

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25
Q

chronic autoimmune disorder, antibodies destroy communication between nerves & skeletal muscle. Especially around eyes, mouth, throat and limbs, can look like stroke

A

Myasthenia Gravis

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26
Q

caused by proteins from mold or plant spores

A

Hay fever

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27
Q

caused by dust mites, cockroaches, rodents & household pets

A

Asthma

28
Q

called “atopic”, make large amounts IgE antibody

Hint: IgEEEE for _______

A

Allergic individuals

29
Q

live 1-day in blood, however, when attached to mast cels, lives several weeks

A

IgE antibodies

30
Q

histamine &other enzymes/chemicals

A

Granules

31
Q

respond & degranulate

A

Mast cells

32
Q

attach to IgE

A

Basophils

33
Q

chronic allergic reaction

A

Eosinophils

34
Q

more susceptible ot allergies - produce more IgE antibodies

A

Hereditary immunopathologies

35
Q

self-reactive lymphocytes repeatedly stimulated, swollen lymph nodes

A

Canale-Smith Syndrome

36
Q

organ specific immune disease -B cells target

A

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

37
Q

self-reactive antibodies bind to receptors for acetylcholine (NT), attacks the “myo-neuro junction”
CN of face

A

Myasthenia gravis

38
Q

CNS - self-reactive T cells, myelin sheaths destroyed
.1 Macrophages recruited by cytokines secreted by T-cells
.2 Activated T cells can cross blood brain barrier

A

Multiple sclerosis

39
Q

chronic inflammation joints
1. IgM-IgG antibody activates macrophages
.2 increased inflammatory reaction

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

40
Q

affects 250,000 people in US (90% are women)
-Red facial rash MALAR, butterfly or “red wolf” rash
-Inflammation of lungs, arthritis, kidney damage, hair loss, paralysis & convulsions
is caused by breakdown B&T cells that make IgG antibodies

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

41
Q

-THYMIC tissue missing
Susceptible to life-threatening infections
No T cells
Chromosome 22 condition

A

DiGeorge syndrome

42
Q

no T or B cells

A

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome

43
Q

once infected, will acquire immunodeficiencies
Pneumocystis CARINII
Kaposi’s sarcoma, targets helper T cells, macrophages & dendritic cells

A

AIDS

44
Q

Noninfectious vaccines are aka ____ treated

A

SALK- is a killed virus

45
Q

SALK treated virus looks like polio to immune system
nonfunctional, not 10% guaranteed to kill all of virus
generates memory helper T-cells &B-cells but NOT memory killer Tcells
What is this describing?

A

Noninfectious vaccines

46
Q

WEAKENED form of microbe
Produce memory killer T cells (immunodepressed patients cannot tolerate this vaccine)

A

Attenuated vaccines

47
Q

Attenuated vaccines are aka?

A

SABIN- live & attenuated

48
Q

The MMR vaccine is a what?

A

Attenuated vaccine

49
Q

Genetically engineered
Introduces a single gene from pathogenic microbe into virus
Called a “Trojan horse”
Doesn’t cause disease

A

Carrier Vaccine

50
Q

inject a piece of DNA which has flu virus gene

A

DNA vaccines

51
Q

live (attenuated) or killed viruses result in this

A

active immunity

52
Q

This occurs naturally through mother’s milk or after an injection

A

Passive Immunity

53
Q

Both Immune globuins (aka immunoglobulins, gamma globulins) & vaccine

A

Passive-active immunity

54
Q

Infections, dermatitis, graft rejections are examples of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type IV

55
Q

SLE & RA are examples of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type III

56
Q

This bacteria dyes purple in stain

A

Gram positive bacteria

57
Q

This bacteria dyes red in stain

A

Gram Negative bacteria

58
Q

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, enzyme labels antibody for HIV

A

ELISAs

59
Q

Verifies presence of antibodies against HIV (AIDS confirmation test)

A

Western Blot (aka immunoblots)

60
Q

Blood typing, pregnancy testing
This is used for salmonelosis, brucelosis, gonorhea, ricketsial, mycoplasma, yeast, typhoid fever & meningitis

A

Agglutination

61
Q

Presents antigen to T cell

A

Macrophages

62
Q

Type I hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Anaphylaxis

63
Q

Type III hypersensitivity reaction examples

A

SLE, RA

64
Q

Type IV examples

A

Infection, dermatitis

65
Q

Inactivates pathogens

A

NK cells

66
Q

Part of antigen recognized by immune system

A

Epitope

67
Q
A

Part 1 Boards (21 decks)

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